The Case for Torture :: Michael Levin Ethics

I seek to provide an analysis on Michael Levins article on The contingency for Torture. This article mainly articulates that the use of torture is necessary in order to safeguard the lives of the many irreproachables and is excusable. In his given example, he argues that the mass murder of millions of innocent people by a terrorist justifies the use of torture to stop such an extreme barbaric act. Indeed this is a question of moral on the achieve of inflicting imposition. Take a look at the scenario of a war. We will never say that it is immoral to let out soldiers kill or inflict pain on the enemies in a war because we know that it is the only way to safeguard our nations sovereignty and the lives of our people. The motives are very clear as mentioned. Thus it is justifiable to let our soldiers kill those who intended to harm the lives of our citizens. When a terrorist has clearly intended to harm the lives of millions, why is it non justified then, to inflict pain on the te rrorist, with the motive of wanting to protect the lives of many more innocent people? Surely it is Take a look at this argument Constitution seeks to protect the enliven of ones rights. To torture a person is to breach that protection of interest. Therefore, Torture is unconstitutional. Torturing is however, unconstitutional only when the motives behind it are deemed reasonably immoral. We should then of course not inflict pain mainly just to force the other party to confess the truth to a matter if he does not wish to. unless what if the truth will then lead to the location of say, a timed-bomb, which will then be diffused in time to prevent an entire site block to collapse, bringing with it a thousand or more lives? Should the constitution then continue to protect the terrorist against such torture? The author said that millions of lives surpass constitutionality. Surely it is not justiable for a constitution to uphold the rights of a terrorist, but at the expense of the thousands that, too, holds the right to live never asked to be placed in such danger. Again, the moral of ones action must be reviewed in such cases. On a personal note, I feel that to sacrifice one that is convicted, in exchanged for the many innocents, is a permissible one.

Hard Drives :: science

Hard DrivesHard drives have been around longer than you calculate. In 1956, I. B. M. had invented a disk retentiveness unit that was very large but did not store a lot of data. It was twenty-four inches in diameter and could hold only five megabytes, which is the identical to terce and one half floppy disk disks. Originally called fixed disks youthfulr became known as baffling disks opposed to floppy disks. In 1973, I. B. M. released a severely drive that could hold seventeen and one half megabytes. In 1980 Seagate made the first five and one quarter inch stark disk. In the late 1980s, three and one half inch hard disks were invented (PCIN). Although there are smaller hard disks as small as two inches in diameter, three and one half inch hard disks have been made a standard and is used most often today. The capacity in hard drives has excelled thousands of propagation all over from five megabytes to one hundred sixty gigabytes (160,000 megabytes) which is the equivalent to o ne hundred eleven thousand one hundred eleven floppy disks. The hard drive or hard disk is one of the most critical components in the operation of a computer. It is also one of the only miserable parts in the computer. Sadly, many people do not know the important role it has in the storage of their data or how it even works. When you think of your hard drive, think of it as the computers electronic filing cabinet. Everything you load, download, or save is stored on the hard drive. In fact, ten percent of your hard drive is already used when you purchase your computer because it needs certain system operating files that are required to make the basics work. Everything you add subsequent such as word processors, antivirus software, e-mail software, games, and internet software are extra, soon leading to an over stuffed filing cabinet (Matthew Ferrara Seminars). However, many people ask, What is the hard drive, physically? The hard drive can be commonly referred to as a box. That is what it looks like, a three and one half inch metallic element box. It is located inside your mainframe or tower. It sits in what is called a drive bay. Here it is secured with screws. On the bottom of the hard drive is a chip tabular array which is the really technical and complicated pieces of the hard drive.

Dioxin and The Times Beach Evacuation :: Nature Place Essays

Dioxin and The Times Beach EvacuationThe Jingle Bells of 1982 did not bring in a merry Christmas for the residents of Times Beach, Missouri, a lilliputian town of some 1400 people. During the annual town Christmas dinner the residents finally received the news that they had hoped would never come. The residents of Times Beach were to be relocated and the town were to be bought out by the federal government. This was the first time such a thing was done since the founding of the nation. The buyout of Times Beach and some 50 separate sites in Missouri by the government beginning in 1983 was prompted by the largest civilian exposure to dioxin in the United States.Dioxin is a member of the family of organic compounds cognize as aromatics. Dioxin is the shorthand that refers to a family of polychlorinated dibezodioxins or PCDDs. Their general structure is that of two chlorinated benzene rings joined by two oxygens, hence dioxin. Dioxin is not make intentionally but are usually formed a s by-products in many large scale chemical surgical processes such as paper pulp magazine bleaching with chlorine and most significantly, the manufacture of chlorophenol chemicals. This last process is significant not only because it brought dioxin the current notoriety but it also is a chemical process used to make products that were used and are still been used in many applications. These applications include pesticide, herbicide, defoliating mover such as Agent Orange, cleaning agent and electrical insulation. Consequently, human exposure to dioxin is not a recent phenomenon and the dangers of dioxin are not unknown. Only in recent years, especially after the Vietnam War, has the media concentrated on the dangers and impact of dioxin.The physical effect of exposure to dioxin was first seen in skin diseases developed by chemical plant workers in 1895. The exposure to dioxin results in a type of skin disease like acne called chloroacne, since its cause was initially and incorrec tly linked to chlorine gas. In 1957, in Germany, Dr. Karl Schulz of the University of Hamburg identified chloroacne in several workers from a Boehringer chemical plant. The disease in its mildest form resembles teen-age acne but differs in that the blackheads and cyst cluster in two locations appearing in a crescent fig outside of and under the eyes and ears. In more pronounced cases, pus-containing spots erupt and spread across the rest of the face, neck, shoulder and down to the rest of the body.

Rahzel :: History

RahzelRahzel M. Brown was born in Queens, New York and recalls that not having was never an excuse for not doing. Just as in its most organic state the essence of hip hop is making something out of nothing, Rahzel learned how to feed his need to be creative. We didnt agree the turntables inside the locker room and we couldnt bring our boom stroke in there. Either we were banging on the locker, or somebody was (making music) with their mouth. I was the one and only(a) who made the beats with my mouth. I worked hard so that if you closed your eyes you would swear that you were hearing a record, a radio, or a band. Over meter, Rahzels own gifts for vocal percussion led him to seek his own career as an artist. Others, desire Biz Markie, Doug E. Fresh, and the Fat Boys Buffy had made strides in the form, but Rahzel possess a talent so great, he was soon recognized up and down the east coast as the premiere human beat box artist. He already had a thriving solo career when The root ask ed him to join their group. Being with The Roots enhanced what I was doing even more, says Rahzel. Were colleagues, and we build tremendous respect for each other. They respect my history, I respect theirs.He is undeniably the best beat boxer living on in this conception today. As a kid he went to Grandmaster Flashs shows regularly, absorbing everything he saw and heard. Grandmaster Flash is another famous beat boxer that took the world by beleaguer in every concert that he did. Rahzel grew up to live with beat boxing and used to be a roadie for the Ultramagnetic MCs. He later joined the Roots after guest staring on one of their early albums that sold million of copies world wide and became famous for there vocal and beat technique at the same time. This means that Rahzel and the group he was with would sing together and at the exact same time would come up with beats which sounded like a full band with drums, base, piano, and vocal. But Rahzel can sing a chorus and provide the back up beat simultaneously better so anybody in that group could. Rahzel doesnt only beat box but He can also impersonate a number of rappers and singers. For instance he has this song called if your mother only knew and in that performance he did in front of hundreds and thousands of Americans in Louisiana, he impersonated his aunty when she caught him and his girl friend at that time making out.

The Choice to Marry :: Essays Papers

The Choice to Marry John Stuart Mill, an ardent and foundational liberal theorist, aims for apparently thorough womens liberation through freedom and equality. To the extent that he succeeds and fails, it is largely because of his liberal understanding of humans as partially constituted by their social situation and yet partially autonomous sources of reason. Mill, following Wollstonecraft, argues that women keep back been systematically undereducated and neglected by society, thus channeled into a marginalized status. This condition is then used as evidence of the inferiority of women in justification and support of the very structures that constitute women (Mill 23). For this problem, Mill offers a solution of institutional change that alters the mindsets of individuals in society, and structurally transforms the laws and norms that marginalize women. Mills basic goal is for women to pucker formal equality, from which substance will follow. He also calls for liberty, partly as an extension of equality and partly as ability for a woman to set apart and determine herself (in ways, he later clarifies, that mankind be better off (Mill 85)). Therefore, just as men, with whom women ought to be made equal, can decide what career they would pursue, so too should women be allowed to select if they become a chemist, shopkeeper, or wife. However, in the case that a woman chooses to be married, she should take on interior(prenominal)ated duties, as he suggests this is what it means to become married. She may still keep whatever extraneous pursuits she chooses, so long as they do not conflict with her domestic duties. In this step, Mill retreats from profession as an entirely determined term, to one with some allowance for variations on the theme, wherein freely chosen side activities can be added to the married womans role.For Okin, Mills premise of liberal feminism may be acceptable, but his neglect for the economic and daily realities of domestic duties discredits his conclusions. Economically, Okin accepts Mills advocacy of independent property for husband and wife, but complains that this formal equality of parallel property entitlements forgets that women in domestic roles will not create the property men do, because their work is unpaid (Okin 228-299). Mills assumption of the immutability of the family structure (Okin 228) also reinforces the conditions which initially gave rise to womens aberrancy into the beings who men consider inferior and more simply forces upon women the drudgery of homemaking.

The Choice to Marry :: Essays Papers

The Choice to Marry John Stuart Mill, an ardent and foundational liberal theorist, aims for apparently thorough womens liberation through freedom and equality. To the extent that he succeeds and fails, it is largely because of his liberal understanding of humans as partially constituted by their social situation and yet partially autonomous sources of reason. Mill, following Wollstonecraft, argues that women pick out been systematically undereducated and neglected by society, thus channeled into a marginalized status. This condition is then used as evidence of the inferiority of women in justification and wages of the very structures that constitute women (Mill 23). For this problem, Mill offers a solution of institutional change that alters the mindsets of individuals in society, and structurally transforms the laws and norms that marginalize women. Mills basic goal is for women to ca-ca formal equality, from which substance will follow. He also calls for liberty, partly as an extension of equality and partly as ability for a woman to arrange and determine herself (in ways, he later clarifies, that mankind be better off (Mill 85)). Therefore, just as men, with whom women ought to be made equal, can decide what career they would pursue, so too should women be allowed to select if they become a chemist, shopkeeper, or wife. However, in the case that a woman chooses to be married, she should take on municipal duties, as he suggests this is what it means to become married. She may still keep whatever extraneous pursuits she chooses, so long as they do non conflict with her interior(prenominal) duties. In this step, Mill retreats from profession as an entirely determined term, to one with some allowance for variations on the theme, wherein freely chosen side activities can be added to the married womans role.For Okin, Mills premise of liberal feminism may be acceptable, but his neglect for the economic and daily realities of domestic duties discre dits his conclusions. Economically, Okin accepts Mills advocacy of independent property for husband and wife, but complains that this formal equality of parallel property entitlements forgets that women in domestic roles will not create the property men do, because their work is unpaid (Okin 228-299). Mills assumption of the immutability of the family structure (Okin 228) also reinforces the conditions which initially gave rise to womens torment into the beings who men consider inferior and more simply forces upon women the drudgery of homemaking.

Islamic, Ancient Egyptian, and Ancient Greek Art Essay

Elisabeth Siddiqui has written Art is the mirror of a culture and its world view. There is no case to which this line more directly applies than to the art of the Moslem world. Seeing that Muslims are believers in only one true God of the universe, they have been advised by seer Muhammad not to make pictures of human beings, for these pictures may often turn out to become idols for people, thereby turning them away from the Lord of the universe. Hence, Islamic art has focused on anything other than the human form. Muslims have used Arabic c tout ensembleigraphy to express their creativity in countless art works.Arabic script lends itself wondrously to decorative use, writes Siddiqui. It is the language of the Quran, even if it is used to write something other than the Quranic verse. The choices are limitless. Thus we find a beautiful piece of calligraphic art as an schedule on a carved wood panel from a door that was made in the late medieval Islamic period (See Appendix). The inscription on the panel consists of the signature of its maker. The script is monumental, with large and rounded proportions. The seven words of the inscription are deeply carved in three crosswise registers.These are set against a scrolling leaf background (Late Medieval Period, 2004). Contrary to the believers in the unseen God, the ancient Egyptians were Pharaoh worshippers. The king of ancient Egypt was the Pharaoh, who appeared larger than life in the art works of the period. Ti Hunting the Hippopotamus is a wonderful depiction of the subject (See Appendix). Carved on a surface of a stone, this is a relief using the typical ancient Egyptian style of frontalism, in which the head is drawn in profile while the body is seen from the front. In thisISLAMIC, past EGYPTIAN, AND ANCIENT GREEK ART Page 2 picture, Ti is enormous as compared to his slaves as well as the animals. He is the god of both slaves and animals, and is and then shown as a higher being as compared to the less er beings. The slaves in the picture are relaxed. So are the animals. Moreover, the animals shown are more realistic than all humans, perhaps because of the ambivalence felt by the artist toward both the higher and the lower beings within humans (Kremen, 1996).Lastly, the ancient Hellenics, who also had plenty of gods and goddesses, downplayed the divine aspects of their gods, inappropriate the Egyptians, by giving their gods a typically human form. There did not have to be higher or lower beings in ancient Greek art. Instead, the most perfect of infixs created were recognized as gods naturally. The ancient Greek civilization enjoyed the beauty of the human form, including the naked human form which was admired for its harmonious proportions. The organic structure of Apollo is one of the most perfect examples of this art (See Appendix).Made in 2nd century AD, the torso of marble shows young Apollo, the Greek god of light, music, archery, healing, atonement, prophecy and flocks a nd herds. The figure was popular with both Greeks and ancient Romans. It is an unclothed manifestation of splendor and courage, only expected to be shown of Apollo, who wears a belt over one shoulder to which a quiver of arrows were attached at his back (Torso of Apollo). By showing the god as distinctly human, the artist inspires into viewers the spirit to take Apollo for a valorous model and turn into heroes themselves. Thus all art appears as a mirror of its culture and the worldview.References 1. Kremen, Lisa. (1996, December). Understanding Egyptian Art. Egyptian Art. Retrieved from http//www. bergen. org/AAST/Projects/Egypt/egyptian_art. html. (10 February 2007). 2. Late Medieval Period. (2004). Islamic Art. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Retrieved from http//www. lacma. org/islamic_art/intro. htm. (10 February 2007). 3. Siddiqui, Elisabeth. Islamic Art. MSA.Retrieved from http//www.colostate. edu/orgs/MSA/index. html. (10 February 2007). 4. Torso of Apollo. DIA Galler ies Ancient Art. Retrieved from http//www. dia. org/collections/Ancient/ancient. html. (10 February 2007). ISLAMIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, AND ANCIENT GREEK ART Page 4 Appendix Islamic Art Ancient Egyptian Art ISLAMIC, ANCIENT EGYPTIAN, AND ANCIENT GREEK ART Page 5 Ancient Greek Art.

Cosmology in Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay

The Oxford English Dictionary defines cosmos as the world or existence as an ordered and harmonious system, from the Greek, kosmos, referring to an ordered and/or ornamental thing. When perfection created the world he had this in mind. To have a harmonious system in the creation where everything can live in peace and free of all worry. God was on top and everything was peaceful. Until the angles in Miltons heaven Lost had a fight. After the fight God banished these bad angels and had the last part of his origination created, hell.This completed a very complex picture of Miltons vision of the universe in the beginning. The encyclopedic writers of the early Middle Ages communicated a modest assortment of basic cosmological information, drawn from a variety of ancient sources, especially Platonic and Stoic. These writers proclaimed the sphericity of the public, discussed its circumference, and defined its climatic z unmatchables and division into continents. They described the ce lestial sphere and the circles used to map it many revealed at least an elementary catch of the solar, lunar and other planetary motions.They discussed the nature and size of the sun and moon, the cause of eclipses, and a variety of metrological phenomena. A nonher novelty was the frequent argument of the twelfth-century authors that God limited His creative activity to the moment of creation thereafter, they held, the natural causes that He had created subscribeed the course of things. Twelfth-century cosmologists stressed the unified, organic character of the cosmos, ruled by a world soul and bound together by astrological forces and the macrocosm-microcosm relationship.In an important continuation of early gothic thought, twelfth-century scholars described a cosmos that was basically homogeneous, composed of the same elements from top to bottom Aristotles quintessence or aether and his radical dichotomy between the celestial and terrestrial regions had not save made their p resence felt. Cosmology, like so many other subjects, was transformed by the wholesale translation of Greek and Arabic sources in the twelfth and 13th centuries.Specifically, the Aristotelian tradition gained center stage in the thirteenth century and gradually substituted its conception of the cosmos for that of Plato and the early Middle Ages. This is not to suggest that Aristotle and Plato disagreed on all the important issues on many of the basics they were in full accord. Aristotelians, like Platonists, conceived the cosmos to be a great (but unquestionably finite) sphere, with the havens above and the earth at the center.All agreed that it had a beginning in time although some Aristotelians of the thirteenth century were prepared to argue that this could not be realized by philosophical arguments. Nobody representing either school of thought doubted that the cosmos was unique although nearly everybody acknowledged that God could have created multiple worlds, it is difficult to feign that anybody seriously believed He had done so. However, where Aristotle and Plato disagreed, the Aristotelian world picture gradually displaced the Platonic. One of the major differences concerned the issue of homogeneity.Aristotle divided the cosmic sphere into ii distinct regions, made of different stuff and operating according to different principles. Below the moon is the terrestrial region, formed out of the four elements. This region is the pictorial matter of generation and corruption, of birth and death, and of transient (typically rectilinear) motions. Above the moon are the celestial spheres, to which the fixed stars, the sun and the remaining planets are attached. This celestial region, composed of aether or the quintessence (the fifth element), is characterized by unchanging perfection and uniform circular motion.Other Aristotelian contributions to the cosmological picture were his elaborate system of planetary spheres and the principles of causality by wh ich the celestial motions produced generation and corruption in the terrestrial realm. A variety of Aristotelian features, then, merged with traditional cosmological beliefs to define the essentials of late medieval cosmology a cosmology that became the shared intellectual proper(ip)ty of educated Europeans in the course of the thirteenth century.Universal agreement of such magnitude emerged not because the educated felt compelled to yield to the authority of Aristotle, but because his cosmological picture offered a persuasive and satisfying account of the world as they perceived it. Nonetheless, received elements of Aristotelian cosmology quickly became the objects of criticism and debate, and it is here, in the attempt to flesh out and fine-tine Aristotelian cosmology and bring it into harmony with the opinions of other authorities and with biblical teaching, that medieval scholars made their cosmological contribution.But the most interesting channel about Milton? s cosmology is this why, when he k untried of the discoveries Galileo had made with his telescope-as Book VIII all the way proves-and must have accepted the validity of the Copernican cosmology, wich our planetary system revolves, did Milton base his universe upon the Ptolematic pattern?The answer lies in the literary advantages of accepting the aged though erreoneous concept it was known, and Copernicanism was strongly resisted and only slowly accepted the Ptolematic system was orderly, it laid down limits within wich Milton found it easier to work, and it made God and man the 2 ends of a chain-man can ascend, onward and ever upward, to union with the divinity, and this could never have happened in an open-ended Copernican universe.From the early through the late Middle Ages, Europeans go from a disorganized, almost mystical way of thinking about the universe to an acceptance of a well-ordered, geocentric universe based upon the ideas of Greek philosophers such as Ptolemy and Aristotle. In this universe, the Earth was at the center and other heavenly bodies rotated around it in a series of concentric spheres . The entire system was ply by the primum mobile, or Prime Mover, which was the outermost sphere set in motion directly by God.This Primum Mobile trasformed the love of God for mankind into power and provided the impetus that made the whole universe rotate It took some very creative thinking to make this universe work well. For example, the retrograde motion of the planets in which they sometimes seeed to be changing directions and moving backwards was explained by way of epicycles (see the diagram on the right below). Specifically, it was proposed that the planets rotated around a center point fixed in place on the sphere of that planet, causing the apparent change in the direction of planetary motion.The seven known planets orbited the Earth, each one? atmosphere pushing round the one next inside it by friction all of this motion created a beautiful music o f the spheres which could not be detected by humans (at least not until after they died and went to heaven), but which provided pleasure for angels and other supernatural beings. The outermost orbit, that of the planet Saturn, was itself surrounnded by the spere of the fixed stars (Book III,481) and distant that again was the vast expanse of the waters of firmament, also called by Milton the Crystalline firmament, as distinct from the waters on the earth and under the earth, had been used by God as an insulating jacket esigned to protect His Chaos through wich Satan flies at the end of Book II.The whole universe was suspended from enlightenment (also frequently called the Empyrean) by a golden chain. Since medieval Europeans had no conception of a vacuum, it was believed that the heavens were filled with a celestial fluid that flowed as the spheres of the universe rotated, thus sustaining the motion of the planets. In Heaven, God sits on His throne supported by four seraphim, the m ost powerful of the nine orders of angels wich had remained loyal. he middle Ages believed literally that it was Divine Love that made the world go round.The rebel tenth who had revolted under Satan had been hurled down into another dread realm, Hell, created for them to occupy beyond the human beings of Chaos and Old Night to the outer surface of our universe. Deceiving Uriel, regent of the sun, he flies down to Eden. The subsequent movements of both Satan and the guardians of Paradise are explained in Books IV and IX with detailed astronomical references.Just as the physical universe was thought to be centered around the Earth, the psychological universe of mediaeval Europeans revolved around humans. Any understanding of the psychology and behavior of individuals at that time requires a consideration of the persons desire for eternal salvation. For chivalric European Christians, time had essentially two divisions The brief and insignificant one in which they lived out their sin ful lives, and the cosmically enduring one in which the suffering or joy of their souls would occur.In Medieval Europe, there was no room for abnormality or nonconformity, as ANY deviation was considered to be the work of the devil. A hierarchy was everywhere in all things. People accepted their place in the social order no matter how lowly it might have been, and everything in the world had the potential for symbolizing something supernatural. People perceived messages from God in virtually every natural and human event. However, By the 17th century, the Copernican and Galilean models gained ground, and replaced this worldview.It was still an attractive philosophical construction and one that persisted for a long time in the collective Renaissance consciousness. Milton, who chose to use the Ptolemaic cosmology for his Paradise Lost, was not alone in Renaissance literature to hold on to the Medieval worldview, if not in scientific earnest, as a poetical self-esteem (cf. Donnes The First Anniversary and Good Friday, 1613). Nothing less than the creation and ordering of the universe defines the scope of Paradise Lost.The epic explores its cosmological theme in theoretical discussions between Adam and Raphael and in the narrators descriptions and metaphors. Further, Milton imagines Satan surveying the universe in an expedition of discovery through a new world in his fall from Heaven and his passage through Chaos to Earth. Adam tries to understand the earths physical place in the universe and its associated ontological and theological value as the home of man.He wonders aloud about this Earth a spot, a grain,/ An Atom, with the Firmament compard/ And all her numbered Starrs, that seem to rowl /Spaces incomprehensible (PL8. 17-21). Milton asks us to imagine the first man struggling with many of the same questions a Renaissance thinker, contemplating new models of the universe, must have considered. In answer to the theory that everything revolves around the sun and not the earth, philosophers were forced to question the importance of mans role in the universal order.Raphael, responding to Adams concerns, suggests there is no reason bodies bright and greater should not serve / The less not bright, nor Heavn such journies run / Earth sitting still (PL8. 87-9). Yet, the numbers does not answer all such questions directly, and scholars often find it difficult to determine Miltons attitude toward science. In these debates, it is helpful to remember that Milton was not a scientist but a theorist.He did not contribute to scientific knowledge so much as to an understanding of what new scientific ideas might stringent to traditional Christian cosmology. He meditates on this in conditional modes, as does Raphael in his description of the universe What if the Sun/ Be Centre to the World (PL 8. 122-3). In the mid-sixteenth century, Nicolaus Copernicus and his followers, most notably Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei, disturbed the entire Christian world by proposing a heliocentric model of the universe that displaced the earth, and by extension humanity, from the center.As the renewal progressed, resulting theological debates acquired political importance and Milton, as a politically conscious theologian, addressed these issues in Paradise Lost. Critics debate the extent of Miltons interest in the advancement of science. Catherine Gimelli Martin notes that many find his cosmology stands on the wrong side of the great scientific revolution initiated by Copernicus, furthered by Galileo, and completed by newton (What If the Sun Be Centre 233).However, Martin argues that classifying Milton as scientifically backward is a mistake resulting from our modern society we too easily forget that during this formative period, no advancement of learning, scientific or otherwise, could yet be conceived as succeeding apart from the requisite disclaimers about the folly of seeking superhuman knowledge and the proper assurances of humility before heights of Divine Wisdom (Martin 231-2).Modern readers tend to treat scientific knowledge as inevitably progressive and therefore stockpile in Milton an appreciation of our modern scientific values and knowledge. As a rationalist, Milton must have admired the new sciences but, as a classicist and a Christian theologian, he had not yet placed scientific knowledge ahead of piety or biblical knowledge. William Poole notes the danger of seeing in Milton an go on scientific philosopher and warns we should be extremely wary forcing Milton into clothes he does not fit (Milton and Science A Caveat 18).However, within the middle ground, scholars agree with Martin that Milton apprehended the value of scientific thought and development, although he may have doubted the reach of this branch of human knowledge. Cosmology appears in Paradise Lost through direct scientific references, incorporation of new scientific theories into various characters worldviews, and warnings against seekin g beyond the limits of human knowledge. Martin observes Galileo or his telescope is approvingly cited on five separate cause in Miltons epic (the only contemporary reference to appear at all) (Martin 238).

Car Rental Business plan Essay

The purpose of this transaction plan is to raise $300,000 for the germinatement of a cable car letting room while showcasing the expected financials and operations over the next lead years. The auto lease chest of drawers Inc. (the come with) is a New York based corporation that allow provide the rental of economy, standard, and lavishness automobiles in its targeted market. The union was founded in 2009 by John free energy.1.1 Products and ServicesAs mentioned above, the motorcar Rental Agency depart be actively engaged in the rental of economy class, standard, and luxury fomites for tourists and vacationers within its targeted market. A bulk of the Companys revenues give come from the daily rental charges for vehicle usage. The blood line enterprise will also recognize revenues from the sales event of insurance services and gasoline charges to customers. At the onset of operations, the Company intends to have a contract fleet of 30 vehicles. The deuce-ace secti on of the business plan will further define the services offered by the Car Rental Agency.1.2 The FinancingMr. Doe is seeking to raise $300,000 from as a bank loan. The interest rate and loan agreement ar to be further discussed during negotiation. This business plan assumes that the business will receive a 10 year loan with a 9% fixed interest rate.1.3 Mission StatementThe Car Rental Agencys mission is to become the recognized leader in its targeted market for renting afford fitted vehicles to the general public on a daily basis.1.4 Mangement groupThe Company was founded by John Doe. Mr. Doe has much than 10 years of experience in the automotive industry. Through his expertise, he will be able to bring the operations of the business to profitability within its first year of operations.1.5 Sales ForecastsMr. Doe expects a noticeable rate of growth at the get of operations. Below are the expected financials over the next three years.1.6 Expansion PlanThe Founder expects that th e business will aggressively expand during the first three years of operation. Mr. Doe intends to implement marketing campaigns that will effectively target individuals, tourists, and business travelers within the target market.2.0 Company and Financing Summary2.1 Registered Name and unified StructureThe Car Rental Agency, Inc. The Company is registered as a corporation in the State of New York.2.2 Required FundsAt this time, the Car Rental Agency requires $300,000 of debt funds. Below is a breakdown of how these funds will be used2.3 Investor EquityMr. Doe is not seeking an investment from a third party at this time.2.4 Management EquityJohn Doe owns 100% of the Car Rental Agency, Inc.2.5 Exit StrategyIf the business is very successful, Mr. Doe whitethorn seek to sell the business to a third party for a significant earnings multiple. Most likely, the Company will hire a subordinate business broker to sell the business on behalf of the Car Rental Agency. Based on historical number s, the business could fetch a sales bonus of up to 4 times earnings.3.0 Products and ServicesBelow is a description of the car rental services offered by the Car RentalAgency.3.1 Daily Car RentalsThe primary source of revenue for the business will come from the direct daily rental of the Companys fleet of approximately 30 vehicles. The Company will have three tiers of rentals including economy, standard, and luxury. Management expects that 75% of all rentals will fall into the economy or standard class. A limited number of luxury vehicles will be held on the lot for wealthy tourists and business travelers. Daily charges to clients will range from $49 to $99 per day depending on the type of vehicle they intend to rent.3.2 Insurance Fees and Ancillary ServicesIn addition to daily charges made to vehicle renters, the Company will earn secondary streams of revenue from the sale of additional insurance. This is an important secondary steam of revenue for the business as sales of additio nal car insurance will generate substantial utter(a) margins for the Car Rental Agency. Additionally, the Company will charge substantial fees to customers that do not return the vehicles with full gas tanks. Approximately 25% of the Companys aggregate revenues will come from the sale of insurance and gas fees.4.0 Strategic and Market Analysis4.1 Economic OutlookThis section of the analysis will spot the economic climate, the car rental industry, the customer profile, and the competition that the business will face as it progresses through its business operations. Currently, the economic market condition in the United States is in recession. This slowdown in the economy has also greatly impacted real estate sales, which has halted to historical lows. Many economists expect that this recession will continue until mid-2009, at which point the economy will begin a prolonged recovery period. However, Car Rental Agencies typically operate with a strong degree of economic stability as b usiness travelers will continue to need vehicles for their business trip needs.4.2 Industry AnalysisWithin the United States, there are more than 5,000 companies (that operate one or more locations) that provide daily car rental services to the general public. Each year, these businesses aggregately generate more than $20billion dollars of revenue and provide jobs to more than 120,000 pack. Aggregate payrolls in each of the last five years have exceeded $3.1 billion. This is a mature industry, and the rising expected growth rate is expected to equal that of the general economy. As mentioned above, despite the currently high gasoline prices, the industry will continue to ride out profitable as business travelers will continue to require rented vehicles during their business trips.4.3 Customer ProfileIn this section of the analysis, you should describe the type of customer you are seeking to acquire. These traits include income size, type of business/occupation how far away from y our business is to your customer, and what the customer is looking for. In this section, you can also put demographic information about your target market including population size, income demographics, level of education, etc.4.4 Competitive AnalysisThis is one of the sections of the business plan that you must put out tout ensemble on your own. The key to writing a strong competitive analysis is that you do your research on the local competition. Find out who your competitors are by searching online directories and searching in your local Yellow Pages. If there are a number of competitors in the same industry (meaning that it is not feasible to describe each one) then showcase the number of businesses that compete with you, and why your business will provide customers with service/products that are of better quality or less(prenominal) expensive than your competition.5.0 Marketing PlanThe Car Rental Agency intends to maintain an extensive marketing campaign that will ensure maxi mum visibility for the business in its targeted market. Below is an overview of the marketing strategies and objectives of the Car Rental Agency.5.1 Marketing Objectives Establish relationships with airports and travel agents surrounding the target market. Implement a local campaign with the Companys targeted market via the use of flyers, local newspaper advertisements, and word of mouth advertising. Develop an online presence by developing a website and placing the Companys image and contact information with online directories.5.2 Marketing StrategiesMr. Doe intends on using a number of marketing strategies that will allow the Car Rental Agency to easy target tourists and business travelers coming to the target market. These strategies include traditional print advertisements and ads placed on search engines on the Internet. Below is a description of how the business intends to market its services to the general public. The Car Rental Agency will also use an internet based strate gy. This is very important as some(prenominal) people seeking local services, such as car rental agencies, now the Internet to conduct their preliminary searches. Mr. Doe will register the Car Rental Agency with online portals so that potential customers can easily reach the business.The Company will also develop its own online website, which will include functionality for people to book and pay for vehicle rentals directly through the Companys online platform. This marketing feature is common to most companies that rent cars to the general public. The Company will also place advertisements on major travel portals such as Expedia, Orbitz, and Travelocity. Mr. Doe will also develop relationships with local travel agents that will commit arrangements for rentals among people that are traveling through the target market.5.3 PricingIn this section, describe the pricing of your services and products. You should provide as much information as possible about your pricing as possible in t his section. However, if you have hundreds of items, condense your product list categorically. This section of the business plan should not sail more than 1 page. 6.0 Organizational Plan and Personnel Summary6.1 Corporate Organization6.2 Organizational Budget6.3 Management BiographiesIn this section of the business plan, you should write a two to four paragraph biography about your work experience, your education, and your skill set. For each owner or key employee, you should provide a apprisebiography in this section.7.0 Financial Plan7.1 Underlying Assumptions The Car Rental Agency will have an annual revenue growth rate of 16% per year. The loan will have a 10 year term with a 9% interest rate. The Owner will acquire $300,000 of debt funds to develop the business.7.2 Sensitivity AnalysisIn the event of an economic downturn, the business may have a decline in its revenues. However, among business travelers, renting a car is a necessity. As such, the Car Rental Agency will be abl e remain profitable despite a drop off in tourist activity. 7.3 Source of Funds7.4 General Assumptions7.5 wage and Loss Statements7.6 Cash Flow Analysis7.7 Balance Sheet7.8 General Assumptions7.9 Business RatiosExpanded Profit and Loss StatementsExpanded Cash Flow Analysis

Role of Relationship Norms in Processing Brand Information Journal Article Review

The journal article, Role of Relationship Norms in Processing Brand Information by Pankaj Aggarwal and Sharmistha Law, two types of kindreds ar examined. The first is the communal descent, in which concern for a partners need is paramount (Aggarwal & Law, 2005) and the sub relationship in which a matched benefit is expressed back from the partner. This issue explored the relationship between business partners as being an exchange relationship and family members and friends as communal.In the first bring out of three, is about near versus far yield extensions. To easily describe what is meant by this, the researchers compared a chair and furniture. A chair is easily accessed and has the greatest amount of feature-related culture. Furniture is going from a specific gunpoint to a general level. The translate was trying to show that depending on the context, consumers have been found to use product features at different levels of abstraction.The first hypothesis in the first select was, Compared to a communal relationship, when the norms of an exchange relationship are salient throng evaluate far extensions of a product poorly sexual congress to near extensions (Aggarwal & Law, 2005). The method for this study was using 64 undergraduate students for the 15 minute study. In the study they tested communal and exchange relationship norms stringently as contextual constructs an examine their influence on a subsequent, unrelated decision test.Participants read a brief description of the interaction with another somebody intended to manipulate one of the two relationships. The exchange relationship scenario used phrases such as keep things even, return favors as early as possible, and expect to reciprocate. In the C. Cox Page 2 communal relationship, the phrases were is there whenever they need her, does things to show she cares, and expects friends to be there for her. Participants then had to answer an open-ended question that make them assume the role of the soul described in the scenario and decide how to split a lunch bill with a friend.The result of this first study showed that the norms of relationship moderate to the degree to which far product extensions are seen as similar to the original product, as revealed by the differences in the evaluations of the product extensions across communal and exchange relationships (Aggarwal & Law, 2005). The findings suggest the salience of communal relationship norms are to a greater extent identically than exchange relationship norms to lead to blemish information being processed at a higher level of abstraction (Aggarwal & Law, 2005).The endorsement study was about measuring memory for vane information at different levels of abstraction. The purpose of this study was to prove if race in both relationships were presented with abstract as well as to a greater extent specific (or concrete) information about a brand, individuals in a communal relationship condition would encode the abs tract information, whereas those in an exchange relationship would attend relatively more to the concrete brand information. The hypothesis for the second study is separated into three parts.The first is relative to participants in the communal condition, those in the exchange condition will show higher recognition rank for correct concrete brand information and lower rates of acceptance of incorrect concrete brand information, the second, Relative to participants in the communal condition, those in the exchange condition would respond more slowly when correctly identifying abstract brand information, and Relative to participants in the communal condition, C. Cox Page 3 hose in the exchange condition would respond more slowly when identifying believable inferences (Aggarwal & Law, 2005). The study had 56 undergraduate students. Participants were presented with one of the two relationships, the same statements as the previous study and a 12-item questionnaire. Participants were ask ed to read a 450-word description about a hypothetical clothing store. The reading contained concrete and abstract brand information. aft(prenominal) the reading and a filler exercise, the participants completed a multiple choice recognition test.The questions tested for memory for the concrete brand and abstract brand. The results of the second study showed that participants in a communal condition, relative to those in an exchange condition, have faster access to both correct abstract brand information and plausible inferences, suggesting that they particularly attend to and elaborate on brand information presented at a higher level of abstraction. Participants in the exchange condition apparently infallible to construct the abstract brand information be relying on their knowledge of concrete information.Together, these finding support the overall premise that brand-related information is processed at a broad overall level in a communal relation, compared to an exchange relation ship in which it is processed at a more luxuriant and nitty-gritty level (Aggarwal & Law, 2005). The third and final study was about generating brand features at different levels of abstraction. Study threes hypothesis was, Compared to consumers with an exchange relationship, those with a communal brand relationship will generate brand features at a higher level of abstraction (Aggarwal & Law, 2005).C. Cox Page 4 wizard hundred and fourteen undergraduate students were used for the study. Students were asked to fill out a 15 minute paper and pencil study to act as a filler for an unrelated computer based study. Just like the first and second study, students were given a scenario to read. The difference between this study was that the scenarios described a relationship between a someone and a product. After the students studied the person and product they filled out a questionnaire about the product and how the person related to it.Students were then asked to rate to the extent to which the brand was like a close friend, a family member, a business person or a merchant. The study showed that the number of words that it took to describe the product in the reading did not make a difference in the communal or exchange relationship. The study did, however, show, the type of relationship with a brand in fact leads consumers to focus on different gestures that vary on their level of abstraction (Aggarwal & Law, 2005).The perceived brand quality did not drive the results since the students were asked to compare it to people. The findings in study number three were the same as in the first two, but were different in context. The results of the whole study found that when interacting with a brand, the type of consumer-brand relationship influence what information becomes salient. Hence, in an exchange relation, since the focus is on balancing the input and outcomes, people tend to focus on every detail which results in processing information at a lower level of abstra ction.In a communal relationship, the focus is on satisfying the partners needs rather than the individual (Aggarwal & Law, 2005). C. Cox Page 5 CRITIQUE Studying relationship norms in processing information about brands in the field of psychology enriches our makeing of consumer behavior by letting us know how people process brand information when they are in certain relationships. The relationship does not mean a marriage relationship, but rather if they are with a friend, family member, business person or just someone they barely know.This study was interesting because it let me know who are the people who factor the most into their brand relationships and who does not. The problems with this study are that the studies still need further investigation before everything can be fully understood. Boundaries are needed such as differences in brands to really understand how the process is being thought through. Also, the study did use a control group, it was not usually helpful withi n the study. The results found not difference in what was found previously. Time was as well as a factor that they did not seem to fit into the study.The study needed to find out if people in a communal relationship take a longer time to focus relative to those in the exchange relationship since the communal people are more concerned of others. The research in this study implies that people will think differently of brands depending in the relationship they are in. The processing time might be longer, shorter, faster or slower. The way of someone thinking about someone else is also a factor due to not thinking of themselves. Managers could use the information given in the study to show different brand features, or use a brand name for other products depending on the relationship.Pricing could also become an issue with relationships. Consumers in an exchange relationship might prefer itemized pay as you go methods while communal relationship people like it in a lump sum price. Peopl e could also figure out what type of relationship they have and how people look at them. Those people might C. Cox Page 6 be able to, in the long run, ensure continuous, smooth and more efficient interactions along with longer and more meaningful relationships. This study could be improved if they would have used a wider range of participants.Most undergraduate students would have a different view of a business relationship than someone who is actually in one. Also, everyone is everyones best friend at that age group so they may not appreciate the scenarios for the communal relationship. Although the study could have been called biased for those same reasons, it really was very fair and went smoothly. REFERENCE Aggarwal, P, & Law, S. (2005). Role of relationship norms in processing brand information. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), Retrieved from http//search. ebscohost. com. www. libproxy. wvu. edu/login. aspx? directly=true&db=ufh&AN=19141303&site=ehost-live.

Steinberg Analysis

The Accordion Family Boomerang Kids, Anxious P atomic number 18nts, and the private toll of Global Competition (83-92) The model family is only a novel, nonhing to a greater extent. There is no such thing as a sinless family where in that respect is no problem, no disputes and fights. As I read through The Accordion Family, I sincerely feel as if the model family prat only break family down and cause more disappointment in reality. In the accordion family, the kids come patronage to live, usually temporarily, with their parents because of financial problems or they are trying to prosecute an interest that requires he help of their family.Well then, society might view the kid who is trying to pursue his own interest with the help of his family as a slob and that he/she is ruining his family by stay puting around doing nonhing. But the only reason society would charge be thinking that is because they are comparing it to a model set forth 5 decades ago. They are still basin g that todays holy family pull up stakes still be exactly the same as it was back then. I think that as the social, political, and economic situation of a culture and society change, the standard for a perfect family also change.I also put the word perfect in quotation mark, as I want to show that the word perfect has high add up of flexibility. There is no one defining perfection. The model family was a model that was set forth in the 1950 where economy was booming optimism is high in the air. This is not the case for the 21st century, we have only recover from the great recession and maybe due to the circumstances that is provided, a family where everyone stick together, pit their effort and riches together is actually the best solution right now. overly the model family is created for the Ameri rouse Culture, but hat about the Chinese culture, the Indian Culture, and the Middle Eastern Culture. some(a) of these cultures have the parents and the children and the childrens spou se and the childrens children all living together. This is their definition of a perfect family. Maybe the accordion family, the boomerang kid is Just another model of the perfect family that is used by another culture. Chapter 1 Quality Time Redefined (93-99) I think the hidden implication of the model family is that the family supposes to spend time together.Such as performing board games after dinner, attending church on Sunday, and simply interact with each other Just that much more. The only problem with this is that these all take care to be forced. Playing board games after dinner would kind of be like playing video game together after dinner communicate on todays term. Well the model family is suppose to be the perfect happy family, but how provoke a family be happy if one or more member of the family is force to do stuff they do not want to be doing.Lets say I want to play Madden 08 but my florists chrysanthemum wanted to play Dance Dance Revolution, then whatever game we play, one of us will be stuck playing a game that we did not wanted to play. I believe that a family usually realises each other well enough to know what each others interests are. Then when there is an activity that comes up where every single-family members interest is met, they can all Just go and enjoy the scourt together. I dont agree that the advancement in technology is lowering the flavour of family time. If anything I think it is improving the quality of family time in a different centering.Usually when my family spends family time together, it always ends in an argument or dispute because there is always someone in the group that do not want to be doing whatever we are doing. So as a matter of accompaniment for my family, the traditional way of spending family time is actually decreasing the quality of family time. When my family Just all gathered together in a big direction and do our own stuff, we all tend to go to bed happier and with out an argument. We were a ble to do what we wanted to do and we are still able to be around each other.On the other hand we would have been around each other but we would not have been able to do what we wanted to do. Also I think that the title of this article is completely correct on what quality time should be. I honestly believe that quality mime should be redefined. We are a nation that is constantly changing socially, politically, and technologically. The reason that families spend time playing board game 5 decades ago were because they do not have the technology we have to do other stuff together. The model of the perfect family is a model that needs to be updated for the people of the current era.Chapter 2Learning Power The Myth of Education and Empowerment(103-109) Education is a powerful tool. With it we can change those around us, modify the culture of others and push our self further than those around us. Also the learning hat we have give us a sense of authority over other there we are defined by what we learn and where we go for condition. Because education is highly value, the demands for education has rise which in turn raise the price for an education with it. Since Education can be used to change the way a culture think, it can be used to control the way that a population will be.The invention of potency is that with education it can shaped us to be more meliorate and more qualified to strive decisions. But the other side of the level is that with education will are only focus on a single point, the acts and the material that we have learned is so embedded in our take care that we are not flexible to changes and new ideas. In this 21st century, there has been a new rise to what determines our identity and that is education, but the myth dispute whether what we know and learn in school defines the kind of people we are.The myth of education and potency also say that it is a chance to provide people with a chance for equality and a decent life. The motto is that you will get rewarded for the unuttered run short you do. This is the American dream that everyone is after if you have the education, you have the clearment to do what is beyond what you are currently doing. Chapter 2 Idiot Nation (121-136) To answer the chapters first question, NO, I do not feel like I live in a nation of idiots. Maybe the reason I feel this way is because Im on a campus surrounded by some of the intimately educated and informed people I will meet in my life. DRP.Moors repeated used of sarcasm shows that he is angry and irritated with how uninformed the American public is. I think he is Justify in how quickly people believe what they hear especially from someone with authority. The myth said that those with higher(prenominal) education usually feel more empowerment to make opinion and other also perceived them with more empowerment to make opinion. This is true with a terrible side effect as DRP. Moore show here. DRP. Moore demonstrates that the public will blindly follow those with higher education purge though those with higher education may not be educated in the field they are making an opinion about.Also those with higher education want to maintain their status of empowerment therefore they are not willing to admit when their position are in the dark. Even when they do not know what is going on they will try their best to BBS their way out of it. The myth of the education is a caving effect. The unskilled blindly follow the educated that makes uneducated opinion for the uneducated to follow. Then when the next generation come up the uneducated are making opinion that is not correct. DRP. Moore in his example demonstrated someone with prestigious education that is leading the nation, George W. Bush. George W.Bush went to Harvard and Yale therefore he must be educated, right? Well according to the myth, George W. Bush is one of the nigh educated and empowered to make decision, but DRP. Moore showed that even though George W. Bus h had an upper education, his education might have only been Seibel because of his families influence. This shows that Just because someone has education does not necessarily empower him or her to make decisions. Just because someone has education does not necessarily make his or her opinion more valid. America believes that education is power, yet they do nothing to fix up the condition that their future is studying in.The myth said that America believe that a proper education is one of the more or less important aspect of a good future, but it is ironic how they are not even willing to turn their attention to fix up the most important tool to a DOD future. This in a way goes to show how educated the educated leader we have leading us is really are. The educated leader that we have in our society does not solve the problems, instead they let the problem pile up and then point riff at the one that is actually trying to make a difference. Maybe this sense of empowerment is just sev erely overrated.Chapter 2 l Just loss Be Average (151-162) The myth of education and empowerment is that if we work hard, we will have a moderately chance at the life that we are operative hard for. If we work hard, our hard work will be repaid back to us. Well in mike Roses situation that is not the case, his education did not even start out by being fair. He was given an identity base on how he scored on a test and it was not even his test ironically. The myth of education and empowerment is false as not everyone get a fair chance at life despite how hard they work.The myth of empowerment is what leads to the abuse of the power of education. Education can be use to empower people with the ability to make decision or it can be a formula that is entrench into peoples mind so that they are following a guideline that they are taught when they are young. This was happening in Mike Roses vocational school. The education system did not give the kids a chance to do well in life and sc hool. The kids are taught life skill so that when they come out they will be better to serve society.And when it comes time to teach what really matter, it seems as if education has Just abandon them and left them behind. The myth of education and empowerment is the belief that everyone has an equal chance to empower himself or herself and further their ability to go beyond what they are currently capable of doing. so far this is not true as the education system is the exact opposite of that. The education system tries to create ridges so that there will be those to work the lower end Jobs and those to work the managerial position. It seems as if the idea that education is fair is only a myth.Education is also the idea that it empowers us to make educated decision. Well that is Just simply Just a myth, as in Mike Roses case, our educated leader would hire empowered teachers to teach the vocational sort the teachers usually would Just not care. ON the other hand McFarland, someone who is unqualified to teach is actually making an attempt to educate the kids. This really shakes the rear end that education empowered us the ability to do stuff. I think that instead of education empowering us to make decision and do stuff, it should be our fulfill and our intention that be our empowerment.Chapter 2 Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work (163-179) The myth of education is that it should provide a fair chance for everyone to be accomplish in life. The idea is that if we simply work hard, we will be rewarded with for our hard work. This is not true in the American system and I can speak from personal experience. As Anyone demonstrated all of these school are separated into class by their possessed wealth, not by their capability and potential. As soon as the child of a poor family steps into school, his education will be to teach him to serve and obey order.This is not a fair chance for the child to be accomplish in life. It ironic how education is supposa ble to be the only way for those who are at the bottom to construct those who are at the top, but in reality education is a way to push them further down and entrench a guideline so deep in their minds they will never come out of their pit. Education also empowers people to make the best decision. The teachers in the lower end school are empowered to make decision. But it seems as if their decision re harmful to those who the decision are being made for.This bring into question, are those who are educated really empower to make decision. Education is a powerful tool, but I believe that its entanglement with empowerment corrupt the pure intent that education should truly be. When people see education as a way to power themselves with authority, then education is not use in the way it should be. This can be prove the opposite too. People with education want to maintain their authority so they use education to squash those who they believe should stay at the low end to serve them.

Current Ethical Issues Essay

The Baderman Island Resort first opened in 2004 and is managed by the Boardman trouble Group. Baderman Island features three different hotels and caters to both business and pleasure. The food is amazing and the 24 hour room service is even better. Along with housing and dinning Baderman Island off-keyers plenty of activities to lionize families busy having fun or to help the stressed businessman relax. On the Baderman Island Resort you will get to choose from three different hotels that argon have specific. The first would be the Baderman Main Hotel. Here you throw out find good food and great lodging for you and your family. The Tenney hotel caters to more grown up tastes and is suited for sentimentalist get-a-ways for you and your special someone. The last hotel is the Melancon Convention Center and Hotel which is more business orientated with a conference room that keister hold up to 300 people. You can find packaging rates and catering options on the website. Each of the hotels feature large luxurious rooms and beds along with internet hookups, a wall safe, 24 hour room service, a mini-bar, and on- site managers available to help you with any of your needs.Along with great lodging Baderman Island Resort has five restaurants for you to choose from. If you are in the mood for something light you can check out the Baderman Island Caf or the Beverly Caf. For something more filling check out the Morgan Bistro, the Kayfe, and the Tenney Night. All of the dinning at Baderman Island is freshly prepared and jolly priced.Baderman Island is managed by the Boardman Management Group which has been in operation since 1994. The mission of the Boardman Management Group is Founded in 1994, Boardman Management Group is dedicated to managing leisure and convention focussed resorts that provide a unique and quality experience to guests and visitors. The Board of Directors and operational leaders in the organization, empowers its staff to offer unsurpassed quality of c ustomer service, through with(predicate) individual acts of random kindness and specialtyservices. (Boardman Management Group, 2012). The responsibilities of the Boardman Management Group within the Baderman Island Resort are regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services, and the entire human resources department.The organizational flow of Baderman Island is rather simple and easy to follow. You have your board of directors, chairperson of the board, your CEO, and your director of human resources management. Under the CEO is the Boardman Management Group and the vice chair of guest services. The Boardman Management Group is responsible for regulatory, finance and accounting, legal, marketing, IT services. The vice president of guest services is responsible for the GM hotel, GM convention, GM food services, GM merchandise, and GM recreational. Under the GM support services there is security, logistics, engineering, emergency services, and guest relations.The em ployee services of the Baderman Island Resort feature an employee log in section of the website where employees can view memos and policy updates regarding the resort. Employees also have access to an employee only blog where they can post comments and suggest ideas any HR issues should not be affix on the blog. Employees also have access to the different organization management charts for each division of the hotel. By having access to these charts employees can look up who their impress is and also follow up the management chain.One of the biggest moral and ethical issues facing the Baderman Island Resort is their oddment of the local forests and wildlife. Baderman Island Resort spans out over 1800 nation with 750 acres being fully developed. Baderman Island also has plans to develop the remaining acres by building a casino and expanding their botanical garden. If Baderman Island Resort wasnt an island the destruction of habitats wouldnt be such an ethical issue. Baderman is p ushing wildlife out of the way to make room for the resort and eventually the wildlife will have nowhere to go.another(prenominal) moral and ethical issue surrounding Baderman Island Resort is that of these customer service and well-being. There is the constant worry ofguests wandering off the trails and getting lost and hurt. besides there doesnt seem to be any emergency health care located on the island. What is the plan if a guest is critically injure and needs medical help? Along with health and safety Baderman needs to work on their customer service for their international customers. Baderman has made mention that they are in the process of hiring more employees that can speak different languages in order to lessen the language barrier. Does this mean that Baderman will be laying off employees that dont speak multiple languages to keep payroll from going over budget?Baderman Island Resort is a true paradise and a rattling(prenominal) place to go to relax. There are a few issu es that need to be addressed if Baderman is to be 100% successful in their industry.References* Baderman Island. (2012). Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/CIST/VOP/ wrinkle/BadermanIsland/internet/index.asp * Boardman Management Group. (2012). Retrieved from https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/BoardmanManagementGroup/internet/index.asp * Trevino, L., & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ Wiley.

Dreams for My Future: College and Beyond Essay

My dreams and aspirations to go to college and further enhance my knowledge have always been with me since I was child. Both my p atomic number 18nts taught me that I have to use my mind if I want to lead a happy and prosperous life without any problems, and that has always been my motivation to persevere, no takings how difficult the road may be. After high school I will attend a university and continue my education further in the playing ara of computer engineering.With that, I will apply in various careers involving my major, such as in the business, automobile, video game and software industries. My goal is to have both(prenominal) a successful and fulfilling career that I can be happy with while still supporting a small family of my own and living the American dream. My intentions are to help the general populace by providing more efficient computer systems and software because I know we live in an age where computers are very important and dominating all industries with han dling information.I know that we all live in a time where technology has become internal to human life, so if I can make a positive impact with my major, then thats what I am going to do. Having a strong, sportsman career and having a wonderful family has always been a priority to me and I have been taking every step and precaution along the way to check over that I meet these goals timely and productively. With help from the Apple Scholarship Foundation, I can meet my goals with more relative ease and I can trouble less about any monetary hardships that I might encounter.I believe that I deserve this scholarship because I have always worked diligently in and out of school my entire life preparing myself to be a part of society. Without the assistance of this scholarship(s), going to college and achieving my goals will be that much more difficult. My give is the only source of income in my family and unfortunately, I cannot rely on him to make a monetary contribution to my coll ege education.Scholarships havent just been optional, but are necessary in aiding my goal of going to college. With the financial assistance of federal aid and scholarships I will be able to achieve my goal of care a university. My family would not be burdened with financial troubles or be worried for my future. My future relies on the aid of this scholarship and I would be grateful to have all the help and support that can be given.

Influence of Pop Art Essay

The wreak of stamp out Art Illustration Es allege To be someone who goes against the crowd, you must have a lot of courage. Well, back in the late 1950s, pop subterfugeists such as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and many otherwises did exactly that. During this term period, pop stratagem was a challenge to the traditions of fine graphicsistryifice by using images of pop culture. You may be asking yourself, what is pop cheat? Pop ruse consists of objects that are removed from their original mount and combined with unrelated material.In her article from Design Magazine, Adriana Marinica has a great explanation of how pop art appeals to us Americans and how pop art has its own style, This art derives its style from the visual activities and pleasures of people television, magazines and comics. (Marinica) Pop art learnd American culture greatly tour influencing the art culture as wholesome. It created a disparate perspective for art, rather than fine art. Most people hav e seen Andy Warhols work, the virtually famous organism the campbells soup cans, he is the most known pop artist. non exclusively did pop art influence American culture but it also influenced British culture, but in a different way. In 1952 was the beginning of the pop art movement known as The Independent Group who represented preteen artists of that time. Even at present, pop art is smooth seen around the media and even so street art. Back in its time, pop art was much different than anything anyone has seen. It has been the most touristed art movements of the modern era. This movement was supposititious to be a rebellion towards the Abstraction Expressionists, or artists who were perceived to be pretentious and over-intense.Fine art was popular from the 17th century on, it had much detail and focuse on being realistic including paintings and drawings, objet dart compared to pop art which has bright colors and it is more cartoony and not truly realistic. Pop artists took images from popular media which do it easy to relate to the works. With the images from popular media, they would combined it with a background or other objects that had nothing to do with the media images. On the other end of the spectrum, most fine artists used a contemporary style while pop artists were more focused on theattitudes rather than the art itself, such as irony and prank styles.Most pop artists prefer to use colors such as red, yellow, and blue since they are so vivid and are sure to grab your attention. Marilyn Diptych (1962). Campbells Soup (1968). Just a few of Andy Warhols most known pieces of pop art. Youve seen the multi-colored soup can picture in your high school art class, and maybe youve seen the oddly colored portrait of Marilyn Monroe. Warhol had many other different styles and pieces, but he was very popular with his pop art works.Warhol seemed to have a great interest in creating images of well known actors and actresses. Not only is the iconic Andy Warhol famous for his pop art, we need to recognize that there are many other artists who have adopted the pop art culture. Some of those artists include Crash, Jim Dine, Keith Haring, Roy Lichtenstein, and Tom Wesselmann. Pop art became very popular in the late 1950s in North American culture. The term pop art was officially introduced in December of 1962.Origins of pop art in North America emerged as a way of expression for artists at a time where the world was lacking any interest or excitement. This movement was to emphasise that pop art could take images from push-down list-media from popular culture and can serene be considered fine art. At this time advertising had used many elements of modern art, which had artists searching for more knowing ways to advertise to keep up with the changing world. American artists found their inspirations by living at heart our culture.In the United States, pop art was made as a representational art as an ironic response by artists to subdu e the personal symbolism. Mass produced imagery was very popular in America, these works of art had more bold and aggressive overtones. Back in the 1950s and 60s pop art was associated with pop music which includes swinging and covers of the Beatles and Elvis Presleys cover albums designed by the pop artist Peter Blake. In contrast, Great Britain viewed American pop art from a different perspective. Great Britain adopted romantic, sentimental, and even humorous overtones.Early pop art in Britain was inspired by American pop culture, but they did not experience this culture as Americans had. During the time of post-war, pop art culture improved the prosperity of their society. English pop was considered to be more of a metaphor or to have a theme. Introduced in the United Kingdom, the Independent Group was formed in London, 1952. This was a grouping of young painters, sculptors, architects, writers, and critics who were challenging modernist approaches to the culture and traditions of the fine arts.The group was mainly about popular culture implications from mass advertising, movies, product design, comic strips, science fiction, and technologies. Even with origins early as the 1950s, pop art culture is still very alive to this day. Pop art has a very strong influence on todays top fashion designers. As Marylou Luther of the Cleveland, Northeast Ohio News states, To me, the most important art repel that has popped back into fashion and the one most likely to have a trickle-down effect to the streets is Pop art.The art movement has been so iconic and profound that it is still featured, studied, and produced to this day. Some inspirations are helpful towards interior architecture, fashion, fabric, and something even as simple as packaging. A popular way pop art is used is the well known comic style that is based on American animations. While searching for how pop art is used today, I found a quote on a website that I felt should be included in this essay, This type of fine art is so popular nowadays that we recognize its potential to continue growing and attracting more followers all around the world.As you can see, pop art has had a very big impact on our culture that we still see to this day. Not only has it inspired our culture and our artists, but even other countries culture and artists as well. I can say that Ive been inspired by pop artist Andy Warhol with his amazing works of art. As we see periodic Hollywood, magazines, television, and newspapers are all producing different images which is enlarging popular culture majorly. Without the pop art movement, our culture would not be the same.Marinicas point of view may better help how pop art has influenced our culture and how it is still very much alive today she states, Pop Art continues to be hailed as a mastery to this day, whether were talking about original pieces selling for big money, or prints selling in abundant numbers. It became clear that pop art was much more than ju st a statement and its badly to ignore it. You can see it wherever you go. Its in public places and even advertising, as it was used initially in the 1950s.

Oedipus the King: A Theme Analysis

Oedipus the King is one of the group of three plays by Sophocles cognize as the Theban plays since they both relate to the destinies of the Theban family of the Oedipus and his children. The other 2 plays of this group ar Antigone and Oedipus at Colonus. Oedipus the King relates the story of Oedipus who reached Thebes, having killed on the way an old worlds with whom he picked a quarrel. The metropolis of Thebes was thus suffering terribly be guinea pig of the monster, the Sphinx. He solved her riddle and citizens of Thebes offered him the kingdom as city is afflict with the liberation of their king, who had been shooted while on a pilgrimage.So he assumed the power and married the widowed queen. here the tragedy of Oedipus takes its final rail line. As city was upset with famine, so Delphic oracles were consulted who disclosed that troubles of the city arose from the concomitant that it is harboring an unclean person, the manslayer of late king Laius. Oedipus resolved to get to the bottom of this mystery and punish the wrongdoer. However, he ultimately discovered that the culprit he was bring inking was none other than he himself. He blind himself and went on exile. at that place atomic number 18 various standpoints for looking at the theme of the play.It may be considered as a play en conducting the theme of insecurity and illusoriness of human happiness. Or the theme may be that of the inadequacy of human word in resolving the riddles of destiny. The identification of themes in Oedipus differs from reader to reader and from critic to critic. I think that Sophocles wanted to convey that a man is plunged from prosperity and power to ruin ands ignominy collectable to his own human failings. It was approximatelything1 in his char turner that brought his tragedy. Anything foreign to his own reference point only augmented the sad proceedings exactly it was only his own disposition that made him a prey to disgrace. Dodds is of the raft, If Oedipus is the innocent victim of a show which he target non avoid, does this non reduce him to a mere flaw puppet? Whereas Knox (1984) is of the view that Oedipus tragedy takes place collectable to tragic flaws and fate as no part to play in Oedious Rex.Distinguished Professor simplycher has identified four possible ranges of human failings in Oedipus. The foremost of these con nonations is an error due to unavoidable ignorance of circumstances whereas an error caused by unawareness of conditions that might call for been identified and for that reason to some extent morally blameworthy The third range is A fault or error where the act is conscious and intentional, exactly not deliberate. Such acts are committed in arouse or passion. (313) Where as fourth one is A fault of character distinct, on the one hand, from an isolated error, and, on the other, from the criminality which has its seat in the depraved willa flaw of character that is not tainted with a vicious purpose . (315)The crucial point is that whether Sophocles wants us to think that Oedipus has basically unsound character. One way of decision making this question is to examine what other characters in the play say ab come to the fore Oedipus. The only result that we pot arrive at in this way is that Sophocles int end ups us to consider Oedipus an essentially noble person. In the possibility scene of the play, the priest of Zeus refers to him as the greatest and noblest of men and the divinely inspired savior who salve Thebes from being destroyed by the Sphinx. The Chorus also considers him to be noble and virtuous. They refuse to believe in Tireseas accusations of him. When catastrophe befalls Oedipus, not a single character in the play justifies it as a doom which has deservedly overtaken Oedipus. (Dodds, p.39) So there were certain other tragic flaws that were acting behind the curtain to stupefy about Oedipus tragedy. Let us examine those.Oedipus seems to be obsessed with his own i ntelligence and this leads him to very miserable and uncomfortable situations. This human weakness2 of Oedipus laps over with his experience as he is extremely proud of the fact that he was able to solve the riddle of the Sphinx which had proved too much for any other person. He thinks that Gods has capacitated him with intelligence and wisdom to solve riddle that the Thebes is afflicted with. Oedipus stock-still taunts Tireseas on his inability in solving the Sphinxs riddle. He saysAnd where were you, when the Dog-faced Witch was here?Have you any word of deliverance then for our people?There was a riddle too deep for common witsA seer should have answered it, simply answer there came noneFrom you.. (12-16)After calling the soothsayer false prophet, Oedipus boasts of his own skill in having solved the dumbfound which proved too much for the blind seerUntil I cameI, ignorant Oedipus, cameAnd stopped the riddlers mouth, snapshot he truthBy mother-wit, not bird-lore. (17-19)So he describes Tireseas predictive cautions as the whims of a fanatic and opposes the seers prognostic with arguments of his own. Self-confidence and pride in his own wisdom is an outstanding feature of his character that also brings his tragedy. here Oedipus also fulfills the traits of Aristotelian tragic hero as he possesses a noble tragic flaw. The man who sets out on his new task by sending first for the venerable seer is not lacking in pious reverence but we also observe that Oedipus manifests unrestrained arrogance in his own intellectual achievement. nary(prenominal)seer found the solution, this is Oedipus boast no bird, no god revealed it to him, he the utterly ignorant had to come on his own and hit the mark by his own wit. This is a justified pride but it amounts too much. This pride and self-confidence induce Oedipus to despise prophecy and recover almost superior to the gods. He tell the people who pray for deliverance from pathos and miseries they are afflicted with i f they angleen to and follow his advice in order to get a remedy.Lastly his unrelenting pursuit of the truth is exhibit when he believes he is the murderer and that Polybus was not his father, yet he continues with his search with the statement, I must stick to this trail to the end,(p.55). These characteristics were only fuel to the fire and added to the pride created a blaze that consumed him. Bernard Knox eulogizes Oedipus dedication to truth, whatever the comprise (p.117)Another characteristics of his character that contributes toward his tragedy is Oedipus longing for thoroughness. His inquisitive nature is not content with anything which is either half-hearted or incomplete. Nor can he brook any delay. He damns that the direction of the oracle should be given effect at once. As before, Oedipus speaks on the basis of the workings of his own mental faculties that has been tested time and again and have proved their intelligence.It can be said that the tragedy of Oedipus is t he result more of his good qualities than his bad ones. It is his enjoy for Thebes which makes him send Creon to Delphi to consult the Oracles. It is the same care for his subjects who make him proclaim a ban and a gent on the murderer of Laius. It is his absolute honesty which makes him include even himself within the curse and the punishment. He replies by saying Sick as you are, not one is sick as I, each of you suffers in himselfbut my spirit Groans for the city, for myself, for you.(62-62)He is angry with Tireseas because he is unable to tolerate the fact that although the prophet says that he know who the murderer of Laius is , he refuses top give the information to the king. His rage and rashness is due to the fact that the masses are suffering and Tireseas does not provide the murderers name. Oedipus cannot but regard this as a substantiate manifestation of the seers disloyalty to his city.To Oedipus the discovery of truth is more important than his own good and safety. up to now when it seems that the investigation that he is carrying on will not produce any result which will be him, he decides to carry on with it. He is so honest with himself that he inflicts the punishment of self-blinding and banishment from the city of Thebes.So his moral goodness also seems as a human failing that brings his ruin.There is another important human failing that contribute toward his tragedy i.e. his intellectual myopia. He has a limited vision and is unable to rate the situations in a right perspective. Robert L. Kane (1975) puts this preposition in this way HeOedipus was the victim of an optical illusion. (p. 196) The juxtaposition surrounded by outward magnificence and inward blindness of Oedipus and the outward blindness and inward vision of the prophet (Kirkwood, p. 130) depicts two types of blindness i.e. physical and intellectual. One is related to physical sight whereas the other, the most pernicious type of blindness, pertains to insight. Tiresias is physically blind but whereas Oedipus is blind intellectually. This intellectual blindness of Oedipus also contributes greatly to lead him to his tragic destination.Oedipus possesses clean physical vision throughout play except in the end but he frame blind to the reality regarding himself. At one point in the play, he has the ability to see but he is not willing to do so. He intellectual vision comes with his physical loss of sight but he is unable to cast away the psychological slings and arrows and mental sufferings that intellectual blindness has afflicted on him. So his blindness, both intellectual at the start of the play and physical at the end of the day, is the worst.Blindness interweaves with the main plot from the very start of the play when Oedipus says, I would be blind to misery not to pity my people kneeling at my feet. (14) It manifest that he refers to blindness that if h will not recognize the distress of his people. This shows his physical sight but intellectual blindness as he himself was the cause of those afflictions. later he acknowledges that although Tiresias is physically blind but has prophetic power when he says, Blind as you are, you can feel all the more what sickness haunts our city. (344). Tiresias response refers to the gravity of Oedipus inability to see his future. He says, How terrible to see the truth when the truth is only pain to him who sees (359)Later on Oedipus denounces his own cite of Tiresias as a seer and abuses him by saying, Youve lost your power, rock candy-blind, stone-deaf senses, eyes blind as stone(423) and Blind, lost in the night, endless night that nursed you You cant hurt me or anyone else who sees the light you can neer touch me. (425). It is illustrated that it is Oedipus who is blind intellectually as he is not willing to comprehend the situation and to interpret the truth. In retort to his slur, Tiresias refers to worst form of blindness that Oedipus is suffering. He says, You with your prec ious eyes, youre blind to the corruption of your life, to the set up you live in, those who live with who are your parents? (470) and foretell, Blind who now has eyes, beggar who now is rich, he will search his way toward a foreign soil, a stick tapping before him step by step. (517).These supportive texts understandably manifest that Oedipus was afflicted with severe intellectual myopia as he was unable t see the truth that was pervasive all rough him. Actually he was unwilling to see truth around him, prior to his physical blindness and afterwards as he blinds himself not to observe the things around him. His is the most insidious form of blindness.Oedipus can be held guilty due to another human flawhis inability to take appropriate preventive measures. It is said that he fails to take logical steps and precaution s which would have saved him from committing the crimes.Could not Oedipushave escaped his doom if he had been more careful? lettered that he was in danger of commit ting parricide and incest, would not really a prudent man have avoided quarrelling, even in self-defense and also love-relations with women older than himself? real life I suppose he might. But we not entitled to blame Oedipus either for carelessness failing to compile a hand list or lack of self-control in failing to obey its injunctions. (Dodds, p.40)Oedipus has necessary human failings of anger and rashness. He rashly jumps into conclusions. Choragos points this out in scene II after a long speech by Creon who tries o remove the ill-fed and hastily formed suspicions of Oedipus about Creon. They say, Judgments too quickly formed are dangerous (II, 101)But Oedipus justifies this, arguing that ruler have to take quick decision. He says later on, But is he not quick in his duplicity? / And shall I not be quick to parry him? (II, 102-103) Later at the conclusion of scene II, Creon indicates the same fault in his character by saying, Ugly in yielding, as you were ugly in rage / Nature like yours chiefly torments themselves. (II, 151-152) It is this rashness that makes to not still suspect Creon but accuse him and even declares that he deserves the sentence of death. The rashness can be observe in his treatment of Tireseas. Oedipus does not lack analytical thinking but his rashness does permit him to press up the situation rightly and he makes hasty decision. In retrospect we see that rashness of Oedipus has something to do with the murder Laius at the hands of Oedipus. The self-blinding also is an act of rashness although Oedipus tries to give several arguments in party favour of it.His bad temperament is demonstrated in the squabble between Teiresias and himself, where Teiresias utter the prophetic truth and Oedipus retorts, Do you think you can say such things with impunity? and afterward attributes him as a Shameless and brainless, sightless, senseless inebriate(p.36). His character is further marked with suspicion about Creon to whom he considers as a con spirator. Kirkwood is of the view that The Creon he Oedipus is battling is a figment of his imagination (Kirkwood, 1958. p. 132) and nothing else. He says with reference his tte--tte with Tiresaeas, Creon Was this trick his, then, if not yours? So here his imagination works together with anger and rashness.All the above-mentioned manifestations of tragic flaw, their supported arguments and views of the critics understandably proves the thesis that Oedipus unavoidable ignorance was the major factor of his tragedy because he was unable to locate that the man whom he assaulted on the crossroads to Thebes was his father. Secondly, if he would not have been occupied by his aspirations, he would have possibly explored the horror of his deed and could have avoided the additional tricky situations by not marrying his mother. Thirdly, his conscious and intentional act includes his decision to bring what is dark to light (133).Furthermore, as result to revelation of Tireseas, he charges Creo n with conspiracy and murder and denounces Tireases as an accessory. Although these actions were intentional and bring Oedipus to tragic end but have a clear emphasize that illustrate that these actions were not deliberate. Fourthly, all these errors originate from a hasty and obstinate temperament, unjustified anger and excessive pride that compel him to an energized inquisitiveness. With the development of the plot, all these ascriptions of his character jumps back with amplified force on his pointedness that finally culminates at his tragedy. Knox (1957) sums up in this waythe actions of Oedipus that produce the catastrophe stem from all sides of his character no one particular action is more essential than any other they are all essential and they involve not any one trait of character which might be designated a hamartia but the character of Oedipus as a whole (31).Here I want to point out that all these human failings were not innate or inborn but he developed these as his h abitual formations. It was inculcated in his spirit so that it became a part of his natural disposition. If it were innate then he could not be blamed for his downfall. It was human failings rather than the destiny that brought his tragedy. So Sophocles has successfully put across that a man is plunged from prosperity and power to ruin ands ignominy due to his own human failings.ReferencesBloom, Harold. Sophocles Oedipus Rex. refreshing York Chelsea House Publishers. 1988. Butcher, S.H. Aritotles theory of Poetry and Fine Arts. Hell and Wang New York. 1961.Dodds, E. R. On Misunderstanding the Oedipus. Greece & Rome. Vo. 13. No. 1. (Apr.1966). Pp. 37-49.Cook, Albert Spaulding. Oedipus Rex, a mirror for Greek drama. Prospect Heights, Ill. Waveland Press.1982. Gould, Thomas. Greek tragedy. Cambridge New York Cambridge University Press. 1977. Gould, Thomas. Oedipus the King A Translation with Commentary. Englewood Cliffs. 1970. Kane, Robert L. presage and Perception in the Oedip us Rex. Transaction of theAmerican Philological Association. Vol. 105 (1975). pp. 189-208.Kirkwood, G.M. A study of Sophoclean drama. Ithaca, N.Y., Cornell University Press. 1958. Knox, Bernard. Oedipus at Thebes. New harbour Yale University Press, 1957. Knox, Bernard. Introduction to The Three Theban Plays. New York & London PenguinBooks,1984.O Brien, John M. Twentieth century interpretations of Oedipus Rex a sight of critical essays. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall. 19681 Moral flaw, habitual formations, behavioral defect etc. 2 in any other context, pride in ones intelligence cannot not a human weakness but course of the play depicts clearly that in Oedipus the King it was a human weakness.

Empowerment supports organisational objectives at the expense of the individual worker Essay

Companies today argon designed in some focus, at some level, to develop individuals either for their hold saki, the companys sake or hope in full for both. The team has rick a sophisticated structure. I t is finely engineered, hold to a high standard, and when running smoothly it is highly productive (Cole, G, A, 1997 63).It provides an environment in which energy dig the bounce be maximised towards corporate needs, which in any case bothows the individual to satisfy his or her own needs within grow, preferably than only outside of it. So often seemingly dull unimaginative and uncreative employees surp boot out their companies when they announce the depth of their energy outside lop. However it is the corporate attitudes (Legge, K, 1995 104) that stifled them, and when waived companies recognise they grant a pond talent, a wealth of resources, at their fingertips. authority has been in the forefront of forest improvement efforts (Cole, G, A, 1997 23). Several busine sses ecumenical control been and still argon currently closely watching quality the ability to produce crack and distinguished unspoilts and attend tos to meet customer needs. The commitment to quality today is very em tycoon in service industries, non-profit governing bodys, government agencies, and educational institutions (Mabey at el, 1998 48). Total timbre, similarly k this instantn as Total Quality counseling (TQM), is seen differently by different lot. authority has been defined in different slipway. Some have claimed it is a fundament totallyy different way of build to stir upher (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 271) and quite different from the traditional fantasy of control (Cole, G, A, 1997 94). Cole (1997) is able to define the concept of authority as an application to n unmatchable managerial roles such as team members. However, he argues there argon several possible recollectings. These flush toilet work from having ontogenyd authority (Cole, G, A, 1997 53) a nd thereof their ability exercise a wider range of choices at work and to be given a much varied and interesting line of credit in the form of argumentation enrichment. At best potency increases individuals discretion over how they do their work. It may also provide additional opportunities for grouping problem solving on operational issues. authorization is seen as ways of giving people much than than luck or power (Mabey et al, 1998 38) to exercise control over, and have function for, their work. It is intended to encourage individuals to office their abilities by enabling them to take decisions. According to Potterfield (1999), authority will be best defined as a way of bestowing upon employees the power to use more judgment and discretion in their work and to enrol more fully in decisions affecting their working lives (Legge, K, 199584).Others be more sceptical. Armstrong (1996) points out that Empowerment, for utilisation, may imply little more than giving empl oyees the opportunity to make suggestions for change (Armstrong, 1996 76). In practice, authority is intended to venthole active employee engagement only so long as it falls within the parameters for which it was selected as a strategy. In most organisations it is steering which defines and adjudicates and ultimately exercises control (Armstrong, 1996 78).The concept of empowerment is based on the effect that to be successful, organisations mustiness harness the creativity and brain power of all the employees not just a few managers (Graham & Bennett, 1995 3). The idea that everybody in the business has something to contribute represents a theme shift in thought subroutine away from the old idea that managers managed and the workforce simply followed orders. The fact that empowerment does represent a radical shift in telephoneing explains why, in many organisations, the initiative has failed.Empowered organizations are composed of charge persons, although it is not necess arily true that a group of empower persons automatically creates an empowered organization. Organizations that are really empowered have moved out of the old paradigm of competition and beliefs in limitation and scarcity (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998 291).The face of the contemporary workplace is drastically changing. More and more companies are realising the value of more directly democratic organisational structure (Mabey et al, 1998 23) over the traditional autocratic, hierarchical focussing modes.In contrast to empowered workplaces, disempowered workforce suffers from poor self-esteem, lack of a personal vision and a feeling of hopelessness. These attitudes and beliefs form inner barriers that plosive speech sound growth and proactive development (Legge, K, 1995 63) and manifest in the worker in the form of reluctance to acquit certificate of indebtedness, hesitance to communicate openly, lack of commitment and ownership and, ultimately, in below average performance. Such employees become passive passengers who are more focused on having their personal needs met than on contributing fully (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998 82) so that the company nookie grow. Because they feel afraid, uncertain and insecure, they will unconsciously sabotage pertly interventions and approaches. An example of this is the resistance circumspection often experience when implementing a quality counsel system (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998 82). In this way employees become a stumbling obstruction to progress instead of much-valued as get dresseds.In companies where managers make a concerted effort to indicate and share power and control, the results are not always impressive (Graham & Bennett, 1995 93). The reason for this is either a lack of understanding of the nature of empowerment, or a greater focus on applying a set of managerial techniques than on creating conditions that are essential for empowerment to thrive.Where empowerment does not work it is because people do not think it done (Mabey & Salaman, 1997 83). To avoid such failures it is important to gain commitment for the senior management team, and then to cascade this down to other levels of management. The hardest group to convince about empowerment are tenderness managers (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 92), because it is their jobs that are most likely to be affected. It is because these managers often have the most to lost that they may have a tendency to undermine or delay implementation of a new policy.The implementation of empowerment in organisations instead of the traditional hierarchies doer a flatter organisational structure (Cole, G, A, 1997 57), which canful give rise to considerable resentment and individual resistance. at that place are, naturally, many problems that can arise in the empowerment process. galore(postnominal) workers may resist these new responsibilities (Mabey et al, 1998 23) they in fact like having their decisions made for them and will resent the wasted burd ens (and work).There still may be those workers who resent the implications of greaterself-direction, possibly even arising from an obvious fear. There is an interesting theory underlying this reaction. Maslow has called this the Jonah Complex, the fear of ones own greatness (Maslow, 1971 34). objet dart Maslow discussed this term in a more mystical, spiritual context, it is associated as a sort of classic block to self-actualisation. Since empowerment speaks to the same sort of needs as self-actualisation, it could be drawn that there is the possibility of a collective sort of Jonah Complex at the heart of many conflicts in organizational transitions.Employees may also be cynical and suspicious of this approach (Gennard & Judge, 1997 235, Hitchcock and Willard, 199527) as another way to get more work out of them for less money. However allowing employees to take an active part in the change process from the very beginning, and showing them that their organization is truly changing will remove some of their wariness.There is also the danger of the employees feeling too empowered (Legge, K, 1995 57) in feeling so independent of other facets of the organization that there might also be troubles in transitioning to teams.Empowerment supports organisational objectives at the expense of the individual worker to speed up the decision making processes and reducing operational costs (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998 293) by removing un needful layers of management such as round functions, quality control and checking operations. In retrospect empowerment is usually advocated to release the creative and innovative capacities of employees (Armstrong, M, 1996386), to provide greater job satisfaction, motivation and commitment and giving people more responsibility alters employees to gain a great sense of achievement from their work therefore. The reasons for empowerment emerging as a concept for our sequence (Armstrong, M, 1996385) is the need to generate energy release i n employees by providing them with grotesque leadership and a supporting environment and by treating them as a valuable asset to be invested in kinda then as a cost despite the fact that organisations are drive by profit generating, cost reduction and market pressures.Empowerment at workplace level has greater justification for management in HRM terms (Beardwell & Holden, 1994582). way needs to decide how much power to delegate to employees season controlling their levels of creative energies and at the same time not undermining managerial prerogatives (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 582). TQM (total quality management) suggests a system whereby worker empowerment is restricted very much within the boundaries set by the management (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 582).Training can provide an opportunity to empower and motivate employees (Honold, L, 1997). Empowering workers in this small way (i.e., roll the training sessions) during the actual implementation of the organizational change ca n provide workers with a small grad of control over what is essentially a change in process over which they have no control.Empowerment can be argued as an objective in its own right as a mode of extending worker satisfaction (Gennard & Judge, 1997 211). This can be related to the concept of Quality of go bading keep (QWL). It refers primarily to how efficiency of performance depends on job satisfaction, and how to design jobs to increase satisfaction, and therefore performance. The early mental basis of QWL and of justifications of empowerment relating to increased worker motivation was Herzberg (1968). Herzberg developed a theory called the two-factor theory of motivation.Herzberg argued that job factors could be classified as to whether they contributed primarily to satisfaction or dissatisfaction (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 64). There are conditions, which result in dissatisfaction amongst employees when they are not present. If these conditions are present, this does not necess arily motivate employees. Second there are conditions, which when present in the job, build a strong level of motivation that can result in good job performance.Management very rarely discusses the practical problems in attempting to apply empowerment through quality management (Mabey & Salaman, 199734) therefore employee views and feelings are unheard. The argument in supporting quality management requires an increase in workers skills and results in genuine employee empowerment (Mabey & Salaman, 199734). However, in contrast to the optimistic approach is the argument that empowerment through quality management results in the increasing subordination of employees in re acquire for little or no extra reward(Mabey & Salaman, 199735).Recently, empowerment has become an important gentleman Resource Management tool (Graham & Bennett, 1995 93) in many organisations. It has been portrayed as the ultimate tool to access unleashed potential and help leaders get the best from their people. In reality, however, organisations that are trying to empower people may be fighting an acclivitous battle. Managers who harbour a fear that affirmative action may jeopardise their jobs, may be more worried about keeping their jobs than about empowering others.According to Maslow (1998), people need a sense of self-determination, autonomy, dignity, and responsibility (Legge, K, 1995 221) to continue to function in a healthy, growth-motivated way. When placed in an environment where any or all of these qualities are removed from them and they are instead forced to submit to anothers will and think and act under constant supervision (Legge, K, 1995 221), their sense of esteem and self-worth is robbed from them.The implementation of empowerment can be used successfully as a HRM tool as it provides a competitive advantage ensuring organisational natural selection (Mabey & Salaman, 199725) and at the same time protecting employees jobs. However, employees maybe compelled to work harder and more flexibly for their own good (Mabey & Salaman, 199725) otherwise they might be made redundant for the greater good.The aim of empowerment is to enable employees to actually have to deal with problems to implement solutions quickly and without recourse to supervisors (Gennard & Judge, 1997 71) and or higher levels of management. This is increasingly necessary as large and bureaucratic organisations delayer (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 91) management hierarchies in the search for administrative efficiency and lower costs.Employee empowerment is a very important aspect when considering human resource management. The failure of employers to give employees an opportunity to introduce in decisions affecting their welfare may encourage union member ship (sparrow & Marchington, 1998 53). It is widely believed that one reason managers begin employee involvement programs and seek to empower their employees is to avoid collective action by employees (Cole, G, A, 1997 83). Employee empow erment offers the employers and the employees the chance to be on the same level, so to speak. Empowerment allows them to help make decisions that affect themselves, as well as, the company. Basically, through empowerment, employers and employees are in a win-win situation. The employees feel like they are needed and wanted, while the employers gain satisfaction through their prosperity (Mabey & Salaman, 1997 64).Employee empowerment can be a powerful tool. The now advanced leadership style can increase efficiency and effectiveness inside an organization (Graham & Bennett, 1995 13). It increases productiveness and reduces overhead. Overhead expenses are those needed for carrying on a business, i.e. salaries, rent, heat and advertising (Mabey & Salaman, 1997 39). It gives managers the freedom to dedicate their time to more important matters. Managers can highlight the talents and efforts of all employees. The leader and organisation take advantage of the divided up knowledge of worke rs (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 64).Managers at the same time develop their own job qualifications and skills attaining personal advancements (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 38). Empowered employees can make decisions and suggestions that will down the line improve service and support, saving money, time and disputes between companies and their customers (Gennard & Judge, 1997 291). Empowerment of qualified employees will provide exceptional customer service in several competitive markets therefore it will improve profits through repeated business (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 76). Customers prefer to deal with employees that have the power to manage arrangements and objections by themselves, without having to frequently inquire of their supervisors (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 76).Empowerment is a strong tool that will increase revenue and improve the bottom line (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998 280). Empowerment is also the best way to promote a good long-lasting employee-customer relationship (Sparrow & Marchington, 199832). Empowerment also brings benefits to employees. It makes them feel better about their inputs to the company it promotes a greater productivity, and provides them with a sense of personal and professional balance (Cole, G, A, 1997 91). It exercises employees minds to assure alternative and better ways to execute their jobs, and it increases their potential for promotions and job satisfaction. It results in personal growth (Mabey at al, 1998 174) since the whole process enlarges their feelings of presumption and control in themselves and their companies.It is a process that makes workers utilize their full potentials. This enables them to stay behind their decisions, assume risks, come in and take actions. It is a win-win situation (Wilkinson, A, 1998) customers benefit from sharp employees organizations benefit from satisfied customers and sharp employees and employees benefit from alter their confidence and self-esteems.Benefits come with changes in the or ganizations culture itself. Benefits require changes in management and employees (Mabey at al, 1998 54). For empowerment to succeed, the management pyramid (Mabey et al, 1998 54) must be inverted. Old-fashioned managers must take a timbre back and for the first time serve their subordinates and give up control. Old-fashioned employees must also checker to changes. They could see empowerment as a threat (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 147), especially if they became use to the convenient old style of management structure where the rules and decisions always came from above (Legge, K, 1995 94).Employee involvement and participation schemes are to enhance job responsibility (Legge, K, 1995 24) by providing individuals with more influence over how they perform their tasks (employee empowerment). Each individual can make a personal decision on how to perform his or her task instead of being instructed on how to do so by management. When employees are involved, they have some influence on how th ey perform their job. This in turn is likely to increase their contentment with the job (Mabey at al, 1998 134), the probability that they will remain in that job and their willingness to except changes in the task that make up the job. Individual employees are more likely to be effective members of the workforce (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998 76) if management taps into their knowledge of the job by seeking their opinion on how the job should be performed and how it can be organised better.For employees, the greater empowerment and control given to frontline staff and to their teams has meant a great degree of freedom than ever before in controlling their own working lives (Sparrow & Marchington, 1998166).The power that managers have, the capacity that managers have to influence the doings of employees and work responsibilities, must be now share with employees (Gennard & Judge, 1997 73) through the creation of trust, assurance, motivation, and support for competitive needs. Work-r elated decisions and full control of the work is being pushed down towards the worst operating levels (Armstrong, M, 1996 58). Self-conducted teams have also emerged, which are groups of empowered employees with no or very little supervision. These groups are able to solve work problems, make choices on schedules and operations, learn to do other employees jobs, and are also held accountable and responsible for the quality of their outputs (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 12)Guest (1987) argued under high commitment management workers would be attached to managements vision, and that management would favour individual contracts over collective agreements as a mean of furthering worker commitment and dependence, thus making unions redundant.Employees who feel they are in a stable work environment will feel more secure and empowered (Cole, G, A, 1997 94). Advancement opportunities and rewards/incentive programs should also be implemented, as they feed into how committed and employee feels t o making positive contributions and whether or not they are recognised for their efforts. Morale, too, provides a good measure of the culture of the organisation. Organisations with a restrictive, secretive environment where information is tightly controlled (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 162) will have less informed less empowered employees. Organisations with a more open environment, where ideas are encouraged from all levels will have a freer flow of information, better-informed employees, and thus higher empowerment.Through the process of employee empowerment, employees feel more valued (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 40) because they are able to participate in the planning process and the decision making process. Empowerment gives employees the opportunity to contribute to the companys overall success (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 40). This helps an employee feel that he/she is truly valued, rather than that they are just a back to be stepped upon by those trying to reach the top. All in all, if the employee is happy with their job, than a paying customer will see that and want to return.Empowerment allows an employee to find new ways to express their creativity (Armstrong, M, 1996 161). Through creativity, employees are able to make sales or legal proceeding an unforgettable and pleasurable experience for customers, thus ensuring the customers return. Employee empowerment can have a profoundly adept impact on the bottom line if used correctly (Mabey et al, 1998 18). Empowerment allocates responsibility to an employee and creates the motivation to take place customer expectations. In order to keep customers for life, employers must empower their employees to make their own decisions.Empowerment gives employees the opportunity to make decisions and suggestions (Cole, G, A, 1997 39) that will down the line improve service and support, saving money, time and disputes between companies and their customers.Empowerment is an aspect, which must be considered in negotiating an effective team contract (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 69) .The team must be empowered to seek and find information across the existing management structures. The communication aspect of empowerment means that the team must be foolly shown where their work adds value to the company, where their effects will show results and where their work fits in with the companys objectives.Organizations wishing to instil a culture of empowerment must find a way of establishing systems and processes that do not restrict employees. By concentrating on what behaviour is considered optimal for the employees and what they do well, management can adapt, develop and change the organizational structure to produce the sought after behaviour (Erstad, M, 1997). Culture changed programmes are commonly promoted (Mabey et al, 1998 132) to increase the power of the worker, through empowerment. However, critics have argued empowerment is a means of increasing work intensity and gaining greater managerial control ov er labour (Brambell, 1995, Legge, 1989).ConclusionWork place attitudes such as praising teams for success and punishing teams for failure are inherent in our society (Mabey et al, 1998 32) where winning and survival have become synonymous. business concernes are installing empowerment into their organisations to give people more responsibility and asking them to test the corporate boundary limits (Graham & Bennett, 1995 91). A t the same time, organisations are asking staff to be more entrepreneurial, and take more risks. It can be argued employees who empower themselves can be called troublemakers and those who take entrepreneurial risks and fail are referred to as failures. The business ethic which condemns failure as a bad thing is going to restrict its best people (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 12), force them to avoid pickings risks that may one day be beneficial and will prevent the team experiencing the excitement of the empowerment which is vital to motivation and team dynamics. The advantages gained through empowerment are numerous. Employee empowerment allows an organization to unleash the vital, untapped forces of employee creativity and motivation to solve business problems (Legge, K, 1995 50). Empowering employee also allows them to make decisions on the spot. This is very important when you work in an industry where you work directly with a paying customer. When employees are empowered, the employer enables them to offer full service to their clients and protect them from the competition. The rewards of empowerment outweigh the risks of losing the employees themselves (Spencer & Pruss, 1992 203). The retail industry is a perfect example.Managers are learning to give up control and employees are learning how to be responsible for the actions and decisions (Cole, G, A, 1997 34). It is fundamental that management shares information, creates autonomy and feedback, and trains and creates independent teams for empowerment to work properly. Managers often p refer not to communicate with employees, and not to share some exceedingly important information (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 247) with them, but an effective leader must have no hidden agendas. They must treat employees as stakeholders for the road of success (Beardwell & Holden, 1994 247). Employees must have a clear vision of success, because if they are not aware of what success means to the company and where the company is heading, there is no way they can feel empowered to help accomplish this success.Empowerment is not something, which can be passed over from management to employees as a pen is handed from one person to another. It is a complex process, which requires a clear vision, a learning environment both for management and employees, and participation and implementation tools and techniques in order to be successful (Erstad, M, 1997).BibliographyArmstrong, M (1996) A Handbook of force-out Management Practice, Sixth Edition, Kogan PageBeardwell, I & Holden, L (1994) Huma n resource Management- A contemporary perspective, PitmanCole, G, A (1997) Personnel Management, Fourth Edition, LettsErstad, M (1997) Empowerment and organizational change,International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Volume 9 No. 7Gennard, J & Judge, G (1997) Employee relations, Institute of Personnel & growingGraham, H, T &Bennett, R (1995) Human Resources Management, Eight Edition, M+E handbooksHonold, L (1997) A surveil of the literature on employee empowerment ,Empowerment in Organisations Volume 5 No. 4Legge, K (1995) Human Resource Management-Rhetorics & Realities, Macmillan BusinessMabey, C & Salaman, G (1997) Strategic Human Resource Management, Blackwell BusinessMabey, C, Skinner, D & Clark, T, (1998) Experiencing Human Resource Management, SageSparrow, P & Marchington, M (1998) Human Resource Management-The red-hot Agenda, PitmanSpencer, J & Pruss, A (1992) Managing your team, PiatkusWilkinson, A (1998) Empowerment theory and practice, Personnel Review Volume 27 No. 1