Hat Task free essay sample

The population as of 2011 was totaled to 608,453. The majority of this population consisted of people between the ages of 15 and 44 years old. Kent County consist of mostly white persons at 83. 8%. The next larges group consists of African Americans at 10. 3% and Hispanics at 9. 9%. The median household income is $50,801, with 14. 8% of the population being listed below poverty level. The unemployment rate is at 8. 52% (2011, US Census Bureau). It is reported by adults that 13. 6% have not accessed healthcare within the past 12 months. 10. % of adults reported they have no healthcare coverage. It was also discovered that the county only has 29% of what is needed in the dental care community(2011, Michigan Department of Community Health). The second assessment piece is labeled cultural assessment. Once again this was information I collected on a County level. In Kent County there are slightly more females than males, 51% versus 49% respectively. The populations consists predominately of white Christians, while the subgroup is Roman Catholics (2011, Kent County Health Department). We will write a custom essay sample on Hat Task or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Obesity was noted to be on the rise due to lack of physical activity and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. More specifically 31. 3% of adults are obese, and Michigan as a whole is the 5th most obese state in the US. 19. 7% of adults reported adequate physical activity with 23. 6% stating they lived a sedentary lifestyle within the past month, and 17. 8% report they consume fruits and vegetables at least 5 times a day (2011, Michigan Department of Health). African Americans voiced distrust among healthcare providers however they did support and agree for a universal healthcare system. Hispanics voiced concern for the lack of translation services due to language barriers and issues surrounding documented legal status and the difficulty this poses to accessing healthcare (2009, Michigan Department of Health). I discovered that in the area there are over 50 parks with various indoor and outdoor activities for all to enjoy. The third assessment piece is entitled neighborhood and community safety. This information was obtained from local agencies. I noted the Health Department and local hospitals are very involved in providing health services, education, and discussions for the community free of charge. The air quality for Kent County is considered poor. We have had at least 7 air pollution days per year due to fine particulate matter and ozone. The water quality in the last 5 years has been excellent. 0. 09% of public water supplies exceeded contamination levels during this time frame (2011, Kent County Health Department). The wild life in the area can cause a potential for disease, and the many surrounding lakes, rivers and streams can cause a potential for drowning. Due to the location of Kent County we risk potential severe weather events. The violent crime rate in the area was 0. 4% significantly lower than the national average. It was also noted that the local police and fire response is at or exceeds standards (2013, Kent County Sheriffs Department). The fourth assessment piece is the disaster assessment and planning status. This information was gathered on a City and County level. The disaster command is headed by the Office of Emergency Management and Homeland Security loca ted in Grand Rapids. They included the requirements of National Response Plan and NIMS. I discovered they are following all federal regulations by the Department of Homeland Security. 3 County, and other regional collaborations were noted in the planning. The Kent County area is at risk most for these natural disasters; severe winter weather, thunderstorms, tornados, riverine flood, and urban flood. The are is at risk most for these other disasters; electrical failures, communication failure, intentional acts, transportation accidents, and hazardous material. The city and county provide public education through CERT classes, brochures, and coordination with school districts to relay safety information at a young age (2011, Kent County Health Department). From the information obtained above I believe that Kent County Michigan is an overall healthy community. Areas for improvement would be to increase the access to dental care and healthcare for at risk and poor underserved families, to decrease the prevalence of obesity and ensure access to healthful foods, and to establish a plan to deal with language barriers for other populations living within West Michigan. This information that I have obtained and explained above is listed below in my community genogram. The genogram highlights the pertinent information in an easy to view graph with each assessment topic listed. It discusses once again the community as a whole from population and economic status, to the cultural assessment, to the neighborhood and community safety to lastly disaster assessment and planning. It provides an overview of the community as a whole, strengths and weaknesses. The community assessment is how I feel the community is and the areas that are at risk or I feel can be improved upon. Resources: 1. ) 2011. Kent County Michigan. US Census Bureau. Retrieved from http://www. uickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/26/26081. html 2. 2013. Kent County Michigan. Kent County Health Department. Retrieved from http://www. accesskent. com/emergencymanagement. html 3. 2011. Michigan Behavioral Risk Factor Survey. Michigan Department of Community Health. Retrieved from http://www. michigan. gov/brfs 4. 2009. Community Conversation Executive Summary. Michigan Department of Community He alth. Retrieved from http://www. michigan. gov/minorityhealth 5. 2013. Kent County Sheriffs Department. Retrieved from http://www. accesskent. com/lawenforcement/sherrif_emergency. htm

Government Funding Stem Cell Research Essay Example

Government Funding Stem Cell Research Essay Example Government Funding Stem Cell Research Essay Government Funding Stem Cell Research Essay Stem cell research is a comparatively new scientific discipline that is the beginning of much medical promise yet much contention every bit good. The type of root cells required. embryologic root cells. are merely gettable one manner: through the devastation of human embryos. In 1996. the Dickey-Wicker Amendment was passed. doing the authorities unable to fund any research where human embryos are created or destroyed. At first the amendment was a minor obstruction the authorities had to work about to still acquire the root cell scientists the money they needed. It wasn’t until August 23. 2010 that Judge Lamberth’s opinion halted all authorities support for root cell research. Today. root cell research does non have authorities financess as the research. though potentially life-saving. crosses moral and spiritual barriers that inhibit its growing as a scientific discipline and as a gateway towards future medical discoveries. With the opposing statements in head. I feel the authorities should fund root cell research as making so will assist rush up the research procedure and acquire us closer to salvaging lives and stoping human agony. There are two types of root cells. grownup root cells ( found in grownups ) and embryologic root cells ( found in embryos ) . Although both possess at least some ability to retroflex and develop into mature specialized cells. such as skin cells. bosom cells. or nervus cells. the grownup root cells are much less legion than embryologic and by and large much more limited in the types of cells they can organize. Embryonic root cells are pluripotent. intending that they can organize any sort of tissue and any type of cell. : Embryonic root cells are presently non used for medical interventions yet are the beginning of much medical promise in the close hereafter. Gettable merely through the devastation of human embryos. embryologic root cells can be viewed as life rescuers or the merchandises of life devastation. A type of grownup root cell. the haematopoietic root cell. is already widely used to handle leukaemia ; in fact. they are the lone sort of root cells presently used to handle diseases. Though past and current applications of root cell therapy with worlds may look a spot underwhelming. scientists around the Earth agree that root cell research is worth the attending and will convey much alleviation to victims of many diseases. The chief ground for authorities non to fund root cell research is that it financess or at least encourages the devastation of human embryos. Judge Lamberth severed the government’s loophole used to fund root cell research. appealing to the legion United States citizens who do non desire their revenue enhancement dollars traveling towards the devastation of human embryos. Judge Lamberth concludes that the fact that embryonic-stem-cell research involves multiple stairss does non intend that each measure is a separate piece of research’ that may be federally funded. provided the measure does non ensue in the devastation of an embryo’ ( Keiper ) . The issue here arises from the belief that human embryos are possible worlds. and hence. the devastation of human embryos should be considered the devastation of human life. Adam Keiper. the editor of the New Atlantis. provinces that presuming the incalculable moral significance of human life. was surely the purpose of the Dickey-Wicker Amendment. and should be the purpose of any nice society ( Keiper ) . He believes that the authorities should non fund root cell research regardless of which portion of the research it is funding ; such support of any research that involves the procedure of the devastation of human embryos. or possible human existences ( as some may see them ) . incentivizes merely that. With that in head. one’s place on the root cell research may be decided on merely weighing the possible lives saved by carry oning the research with the possible lives saved by non carry oning the research. That determination relies to a great extent on one’s ethical motives. spiritual beliefs. and whether or non human embryos should be considered possible worlds existences. Many embryos created through in-virto fertilisation ( IVF ) . a procedure that replicates construct. are neer used by the patients of the IVF Bankss ; they are spares and would neer go worlds without the consent of the parents of the embryo. or embryos. To reply the inquiry of whether or non human embryos should be considered possible human beings . one must first reply the inquiry: What makes a human? A simple reply to the inquiry would be anything that. under the right conditions. could go a human. However. the important measure in the development of a homo is the determination of the parent ; without parental consent. those trim embryos will neer go worlds. Therefore. the embryos have no hereafter as a individual and should non be seen as possible life. The parents of the unnecessary embryos have the option to donate the trim embryos to stem cell research or hold them discarded. Laura Bothwell is a doctorial campaigner in the history and moralss of public wellness and medical specialty in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences at Columbia University. She believes that it is a great gift to humanity that the embryos left over from the assisted reproduction rhythms can be used for research that has the possible to relieve human suffering ( Bothwell ) . Hundreds of 1000s of trim embryos in IVF Bankss have no hereafter as worlds. doing it unwise to non utilize them for root cell research. In which instance. the statement that the authorities is funding the devastation of possible human life is basically flawed. We need to halt worrying about the lives of those who will neer populate and get down concentrating on the lives of those already populating. In the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley. the universe has been transformed from what it is today. Worlds are grown in mills with specific traits to make full specific functions in the society. Obviously. this is non the instance today. and most would hold that is a good thing. However. we are easy get downing to see that it may be possible. The possibility of turning our ain human existences is chilling to believe of. Looming deep in the heads of root cell research workers and scientists and anyone educated about the scientific discipline is the fright of what it may take to. Could it take us to going human applied scientists? Could it take to our humanity slip off as we wander into a life where no 1 is particular. where non God but we are the Godheads of human existences? It may non be a normally heard inquiry as most would label it implausible. Therefore. as I support the authorities funding root cell research. I besides understand the demand for it to be monitored. Traveling into the scientific discipline of root cells and still today we do non wholly know what will go of it in the distant hereafter. President [ Bush ] declared his purpose to call a President’s Council to supervise root cell research. to urge appropriate guidelines and ordinances. and to see medical and ethical branchings of biomedical innovation ( President’s Council on Bioethics ) . Another ground for the authorities to non fund root cell research is that making so would rush up the research while many. including those of the President’s Council on Bioethics. believe it should be monitored and restricted as to forestall it from acquiring out of manus. Stem cell research is like a fire. some people want to see it turn and turn out itself a beginning of heat. some people want to see it diminish until there is nil left ; most want to maintain it under control and prevent it from going a ramping hell. Moral quandary and deep inner-looming frights aside. root cell research has a promising potency that can non be ignored. Research workers believe that root cells can be used to handle a big assortment of diseases and organ failure. They could be used to make organ grafts that will non be rejected by the patient. Stem cells have the ability to salvage countless lives across the universe. They may be used in the intervention of neurological diseases. such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease. They may be of import for presenting targeted cistron therapy. They have the ability to handle liver diseases and metabolic upsets such as Gaucher’s disease. Hematopoietic root cells are presently used in handling leukaemia. a sensible and good established and accepted method of intervention. Ruth Kirchstein. a former moving manager of the National Institutes of Health ( NIH ) . notes that the ability to utilize root cells in disease interventions by simple organ transplant makes them a executable curative approach . and with limited supply of variety meats for grafts. root cells are progressively viewed as an attractive option for handling neglecting organs ( Kirchstein ) . If the lone cost of funding root cell research were the loss of embryos that had no hereafter human life possibility than the legion possible benefits of the research should render the cost insignificant. Stem cell research holds much promise yet is deprived of the support necessary to carry through this promise. If funded. within old ages we could be doing medical discoveries and salvaging more lives than of all time before. Luckily. modern scientific discipline has unlocked a new possibility. one that could set an terminal to moral and ethical differences and put an terminal to much human agony. In recent old ages scientists have made a new find. a new manner to research root cells. a manner to reprogram teguments cells to act merely as embryologic root cells ; they are called induced pluripotent root cells. This new method of geting root cells breaks no ethical barriers while still giving us entree to the life-saving potency of root cells. In November 2007 a research group in Japan and another in Wisconsin successfully created the induced luripotent root cells. Initially. the induced pluripotent root cells had a cancerous inclination that killed some of the mice in the first testing procedure. However. on November 30. 2007 Shinya Yamanaka of Kyoto University. the leader of the Nipponese research groups. eliminated the cancerous inclination. In the first procedure. six of the 36 mice injected with the cells died of tumours within 100 yearss. but in the 2nd procedure. no mice died ( Lewis ) . Not long after that achievement. scientists at Harvard Medical School and Children’s Hospital in Boston created the induced pluripotent root cells from a human voluntary. adding to the grounds that supports tegument cell reprogramming as a promising agency of geting the valuable root cells. Andy Lewis. a research editor for the Ethics A ; Religious Liberty Commission. declares that The discovery of bring oning skin cells into pluripotent root cells is an reply to supplication of pro-life advocators. who have long desired an ethical medical solution to battle enfeebling diseases and unwellnesss in society ( Lewis ) . Induced pluripotent root cells. being classified as root cell research. should by all agencies be funded by the authorities as it poses no ethical issues and possesses the same potency as human embryologic root cells do. It is a solution that makes everyone happy. The authorities should fund root cell research. Spare embryos with no hereafter as worlds should be utilized to better the lives of those already life. If anything. the authorities should fund and promote the creative activity of induced pluripotent root cells. Stem cell research has excessively much potency to non fund. even with taking ethical and moral barriers into consideration. However. we must forestall ourselves from acquiring carried off ; we must supervise the research’s growing. maintain it controlled. and. most significantly. keep our humanity. We can be given to the fire. allow it glow brighter than of all time. allow it supply heat and comfort for society. but if we let our guard down. if we allow the fire to go bigger than us. a raging. untamable hell. we may neer be able to stamp it out. ?

Dealing With Disaster Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Dealing With Disaster - Essay Example Donors from all over are also part of the people helping the survivors of the flash floods. Lead agencies that help communities recover from calamities are available to ensure the people get the physical, social and emotional help that they need. The lead agencies usually maintain a strong relationship with the government to ensure the help they provide reach each and every individual suffering. The recovery and relief programs and efforts from different bodies satisfy the community’s needs. The United Nations is one of the bodies that ensure the communities without adequate shelter or drinking water can access the commodities. The flash flood survivors have shelter and drinking water from the United Nations since the aid from the government was not sufficient. The survivors were complaining how the money and help from the government were not enough to provide all their basic needs. Appreciation to the government and other agencies is important for the recovery process from an y disaster is not easy. Dealing with disaster requires an effective strategic plan that ensures the effects of the disaster are not massive. The four strategies help to prevent further destruction of lives and infrastructure, thus saving the community the cost of rebuilding their lives. The flash floods in Chile were an unexpected disaster that caught the people by surprise. However, the community should put effective measures in place to prevent such an occurrence in the case of a similar disaster in future.

Phychotic Disorders in the Beautiful Mind Movie Essay

Phychotic Disorders in the Beautiful Mind Movie - Essay Example When John starts working and is called to the Pentagon to exercise his beautiful mind with a code breaking assignment, we are introduced to the next hallucination, in the shape of William Parcher, who is just out of the line of sight of all of the other workers in the Pentagon. With this hallucination come some of John’s biggest delusions as well. Parcher is insistent on the micro chipping of John for special, confidential work, shows him secret nerve centers set up in seemingly deserted buildings, and is the one who starts John into his obsessive need to search magazines and newspapers for secret codes (Scene 8). John repeatedly goes to (as we find out later) an abandoned house to gain access to the drop zone, and uses his micro chip, with it’s ever changing codes to get into the super secret location. One of the biggest delusions John has is at this time when he ‘sees’ Parcher speed up to the house, he’s been watching him, John gets into his car an d the chase ensues, complete with shots fired (Scene 12). They must be real, they’re shooting at him and they want his information. He has it so firmly in his mind that Parcher is real and his work was being used for the good of his country that he was the one hallucination that was the hardest to shake. Marcee is Charles’ niece and she is yet another hallucination that John has throughout his life. She is a sweet little girl who loves her ‘Uncle’ John and would look despairingly at him when he later tried to ignore her presence. I believe she is the comfort that John is seeking in his life; she always appears whenever he is in need of a hug or a kind word. She is the hallucination that makes John realize that perhaps it is all in his mind after all, as she never seems... This essay describes a brilliant mathematician, a gifted economist, a Carnegie Scholarship recipient, a Nobel Prize winner, a husband, father, professor, and a man struggling with paranoid schizophrenia: this is John Forbes Nash, Jr. It is stated that when we first meet John Nash in the movie "A Beautiful Mind", that was discussed and analyzed in the essay, we see that he is socially awkward, doesn’t have many friends and is obsessed with finding his ‘original idea’. As with a lot of schizophrenics, the researcher states that John Nash’s symptoms seem to peak when he is under a lot of stress. It’s not shocking, then, that in the quest for his ‘original idea’ his delusions and hallucinations start at full force. The other side of schizophrenia deals with the emotional and interpersonal deficits that the sufferer must endure. John is repeatedly shown to be socially awkward. At the mixer in the second scene, he bumbles around and comes up w ith a negative approach like â€Å"there could be a mathematical explanation for how bad your tie is† This movie is a Hollywood retelling of a real man’s life, so the researcher compares the life a schizophrenic that was shown in a movie with a reality. The researcher states that the movie differs from the real life of John Nash, Jr in some aspects, but the researcher believes that they are implying that a person can fully recover from schizophrenia. It is also concluded by the researcher that the main statement that was shown through the movie is that 'Love can conquer all'.

Critique of a Speech or Presentation (or editorial Essay

Critique of a Speech or Presentation (or editorial - Essay Example conomy, education, health, and foreign affairs, and in maximizing pathos to appeal to the emotions of understanding and hopefulness, although his ethos is tarnished with the disconnection between his promises of jobs and the reality of unemployment and dissatisfaction with his policies and reforms. Obama effectively uses logos to help voters understand the difference between his vision and the Republican vision. He reminds voters that they have a responsibility in choosing the right vision, which can be attained through thinking reasonably about what Republicans had done in the past. As former leaders, their policies contributed to the 2008 recession. Obama asserts his vision early in his speech: â€Å"Ours is a fight to restore the values that built the largest middle class and the strongest economy the world has ever known† (1). He is saying that the Republican vision does not offer a tangible road to the protection of the middle class and economic development. He argues that Republican policies are unclear: â€Å"They want your vote, but they don’t want you to know their plan† (2). This is effective if the voters will appreciate that it is better to take a more tangible new road from Obama than an unknown, possibly repetitive road from Republicans. More over, Obama appeals to reason when he emphasizes that people should not go back to Republicans, who have been doing the same things: â€Å"And that’s because all they had to offer is the same prescription they’ve had for the last thirty years† (2). Obama effectively reminds people that his road to economic recovery is new and ongoing. Furthermore, Obama underlines the importance of moving on and not comparing his work with past Republican administrations. He jokes about the tax resolutions of Republican administrations: â€Å"Have a surplus? Try a tax cut. Deficit too high? Try another† (2). Obama influences voters to understand that he is moving away from these tested-and-failed actions. He will continue his

Working With Special Populations

Working With Special Populations Spirduso et al. (2005) gives the definition of ageing as ‘ A process or group of processes occurring in living organisms that begins with birth and, with the passage of time, leads to a loss of adaptability, functional impairment and eventually death. Also Swain and Leutholtz (2002) define aging as a result in years of physical inactivity, and that much to do with the biological consequences of age is the sedentary lifestyles most aging people have. Those who remain physically active throughout life demonstrate much slower rates of physical decline than do the sedentary, and a growing body of research indicates that those who have been sedentary for many years can experience significant improvements by beginning an exercise programme even at very advanced ages (Fiatrone et al. 1990). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there is over 20 percent of the population in the United Kingdom over the age of 65 and by the year 2025 there is an overall projection that, that value will rise to almost as much as 30% of the population living in the united Kingdom to be over the age of 65 (Mcardle, Katch and Katch 2010). Research shows that when properly prescribed exercise, elderly people can significantly improve their aerobic power (Eshani 1987), muscular strength and size (Fiatrone et al. 1990; Frontera et al. 1988), and bone density (Dalsky 1989). Improvements in functional movements such as walking speed and stair climbing power have also been reported (Fiatrone et al. 1990). These results can reverse the effects of many years of physical decline and lead to greater independence and a much higher quality of life. More than half of elderly people have at least one disability or chronic condition, participation in a regular physical activity/exercise programme has many physiological health benefits including reducing the risk and lessening the impact of many chronic diseases (DiPietro, Caspersen and Ostfield 1995). Aging has numerous effects on organ systems in the body, effecting skeletal muscle, body composition, the cardiovascular system, the metabolic system, the respiratory system, the nervous system, energy expenditure and energy intake and also thermoregulation. These can all seem to be contraindications for exercising when elderly such as thermoregulation being affected this means there is a decreased ability to regulate body temperature when homeostasis is challenged; decreased amount of sweat per active sweat gland; reduced response to increased blood flow during exercise attributable to structure and response of cutenous blood vessels; inadequate ability to reduce splanchnic blood flow during exercise (Kenney 1997 and King, Martin 1998). In general, if an individual leads an active lifestyle it preserves and enhances skeletal muscle, strength and endurance, flexibility, cardio respiratory fitness and body composition for later life. Main Content Physiological Factors Cardiovascular Fitness + Training Since many elderly individuals have a low initial fitness level, it is prudent to begin exercise programmes at a low intensity and to progress gradually (Swain and Leutholtz 2002). Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and all cause mortality (Blazer 1982). Low VO2 peak is associated with reduced ability to perform ADLs (activities of daily living) including climbing stairs and brisk walking (Birdt 1998). A small improvement in cardiovascular fitness is associated with lower risk of death. Healthy sedentary older men and women can increase their cardiorespiratory fitness by performing aerobic exercise training (Engels et al. 1998: Kuczmarski et al. 1994). Physical activities that the elderly population, should engage in are walking (indoors, outdoors, or treadmill), gardening, swimming (water aerobics), golf and cycling (White 1995). Combining strength with endurance training is also beneficial for the elderly individual. One study showed that after 6 months of combined resistance and endurance training, older healthy individuals increased their VO2 peak (11%) and their upper and lower body strength (Blazer 1982). The ability to carry out normal daily task such as carrying laundry, vacuuming and climbing stairs translated to carrying 14% more weight and moving 10% faster. Resistance Training Elderly individuals, including the oldest old and very frail elderly, demonstrate physiological adaptations to strength training (Kuczmarski et al. 1994). How much adaptation depends on the frequency, volume, mode, type of training and initial training state (Ferketich, Kirby and Alway 1998). Strength training has the potential to improve functional capacity and quality of life of the elderly person (Fiatrone et al. 1990). Most elderly individuals can participate in a resistance training programme that is individually designed. Those with hypertension or arthritis or at risk of osteoporotic fracture need to be assessed and evaluated by a physician prior to initiating resistance training programme (White 1995). A ACSM recommendation for the elderly that bears some scrutiny is the recommendation to use machines as apposed to free weights. Swain and Leutholtz (2002) evaluates that although it is true that machines require less skill, free weights have the advantage of teaching balance and greater neuromuscular control, which may be transferrable to real world activities. Furthermore they also talk about free weights being more superior by allowing the user to add small amount of weight onto their dumbbells i.e. 1kg whereas resistance machines normally have increments of 4.5kg or more which is a large leap when the user is frail, on the other hand ACSM realise that machines require less balance requirements and the risk of injury. Resistance training programmes lasting from 8 weeks to 1 year can increase muscle strength and mass in elderly, regardless of age and sex (Fiatrone et al. 1990). Psychological + Sociological Factors International Society of Sport Psychology (1992) states that â€Å"Individual psychological benefits of physical activity include: positive changes in self perceptions and well-being, improvement in self-confidence and awareness, positive changes in mood, relief of tension, relief of feelings such as depression and anxiety, influence on premenstrual tension, increased mental well-being, increased alertness and clear thinking, increased energy and ability to cope with daily activity, increased enjoyment of exercise and social contacts, and development of positive coping strategies.† Many older individuals do not have a spouse, close children or friends to rely on for socialization, assistance and support (Evans 1999). Although with age, social relationships may change from family to more formalized organizations or nonfamily members, many elderly live in social isolation and are very lonely. This is important because epidemiological studies have demonstrated a relationship between social support and physical health (Evans 1999). To add on to this it has been show that in several studies, lack of social support is a major risk factor for depression, morbidity and mortality (Engels et al. 1998). Participation in an organized training session provides an excellent opportunity for interaction between other elderly people and when organising a session it is been seen to do all activities as in one whole group to get a more major interaction between participants (Evans 1999). Also another method which could be used to improve social interaction for the elderly participating in a exercise program could include a ‘buddy exercise system where individuals are matched up with similar ability to perform their exercises together. Exercise Recommendations Physical activity recommendations for the elderly are updated regularly by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM 2000). High intensity activities such as running, rowing, aerobic/gravity riders, and stair steppers may not be appropriate unless the individual has a rare high fitness level. Low to moderate intensity exercise programmes can be performed daily. Higher intensity exercise sessions (>70% heart rate reserve) should only be performed 3 to 5 days per week (ACSM 2000). This allows for recovery days, which are more important for the older adult than the younger person as elders recover slower. Older individuals with a low exercise capacity may benefit from multiple daily sessions of short duration, whereas the more capable individual can benefit from three sessions per week with exercise bouts performed once per day (ACSM 2000). Elderly individuals who are unable to perform ambulatory activities may be candidates to perform seated chair activities, stationary cycling and water activities. T ai chi is seen to be one of the best activities for elderly individuals to undertake as it improves strength and balance according to Dalsky (1989). For the healthy older individual, it is recommended that exercise be performed minimally for 30 minutes but not beyond an hour in duration. If an individual beginning an exercise programme is predominately sedentary, has severe chronic disease, or has a very low fitness level, a minimum of 30minutes of continuous activity may not be possible. Sessions of as little as 10 minutes two or three times a day is appropriate in this situation. Health benefits are still obtained this way (ACSM 2000). National and Regional Strategies Summary Physical activity of light to moderate intensity helps to improve health, whereas moderate to high intensity physical activity with an emphasis on aerobic endurance improves cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2) as well as health in older individuals. Elderly individuals demonstrate improvements during resistance training by increasing muscle mass and strength; this improves gait, balance, and overall functional capacity and bone health this staving off chronic diseases such as osteoporosis and improve overall quality of life. There are also psychological benefits associated with regular physical activity and exercise. Dr. Robert Butler, former director of the National Institute of Aging states ‘If exercise could be put in a bottle, it would be the strongest medicine money could buy In general the elderly person can improve physical and mental health by performing regular physical activity, and this should be encouraged by all medical and exercise professionals. Ultimately, regardless of age or level of frailty, nearly all elderly persons can derive some physiologic, functional or quality of life benefit from initiating an exercise programme. Training Sessions Mode Frequancy Itenisity Duration Special Considerations Aerobic Training Intensity Load Reference Page American College of Sports Medicine. (2000) ACSMs Guidlines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 6th Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins. Birdt, T.A. (1998) Alzheimers disease and other primary dementia. In Harrisons principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw and Hill; pp. 2348-2356. Blazer, D.G. (1982) Social support and mortality in an elderly community population. American Journal of Epidemiology; 115:684-694. Dalsky, G.P. (1989) The role of exercise in the prevention of osteoporosis. Comprehensive Therapy. 15(9):30-37. DiPietro L, Caspersen C.J., Ostfield A.M. (1995) A survey for assessing physical activity among older adults. Medical Science Sports and Exercise; 25: 628-642. Engels, H.J., Drouin, J., Zhu, W., Kazmierski, J.F.(1998) Effects of low impact, moderate intensity exercise training with and without wrist weights on functional capacities and mood status on older adults. Gerontology: 44:239-244 Eshani, A.A. (1987). Cardiovascular adaptations to exercise training in the elderly. Journal of Applied Physiology. 46:1840-1843 Evans, W.J.(1999) Exercise Training Guidelines for The Elderly. Medical Science of Sport and Exercise; 31:12-17 Ferketich, A.M., Kirby, T.E., Alway, S.E. (1998) Cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to combined endurance and strength training in elderly women. Acta Physiology Scandinavia; 259-267. Fiatarone, M.A., Marks E.C., Ryan N.D., Meredith C.N., Lipsitz L.A., Evans W.J. (1990) High intensity strength training in nonagenarians. Journal of American Medical Association. 263:3029-3034. Frontera, W.R., Meredith, C.N. OReilly, K.P. Knuttgen, H.G. Evans, W.J. (1988) Strength conditioning in older men: Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improved function. Journal of Applied Physiology, 64:1038-1044. International Society of Sport Psychology (1992). Physical activity and psychological benefits: International Society of Sport Psychology Position Statement. The Physician and Sports medicine, 20(10), 179-184. Keen, W.L. (1993) The older Athlete: Exercise in hot environments. Sports Science Exchange 6:44. King, A.C. and Martin, J.E. (1998) Physical Activity promotion: Adoption and Maintenance. American College of Sports Medicines Research Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins pp 564-569. Knutzen, K.M., Brilla, L.R. and Caine, D. (1999) Validity of 1RM prediction equations for older adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 13, 242-246. Kuczmarski, R.J., Flegal, K.M., Campbell, S.M., Johnson, C.L. (1994) Increasing prevalence of overweight among U.S. adults. Journal of American Medical Association; 272:205-211. McArdle, W.D., Katch, F.I. and Katch V.I. (2010) Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy and Human Performance. 7th Edition. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Seguin, R. and Nelson, M.E. (2003) The benefits of strength training for older adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 25 (Suppl. 2), 141-149. Spirduso WW, Francis KL, MacRae PG (2005). Physical Dimensions of Ageing (2nd ed). Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL, pp. 131-55. Swain, D.P and Leutholtz, B.C. (2002) Exercise Prescription: A case study approach to the ACSM Guidelines. Champaign: Human Kinetics. White, T.P. (1995) Skeletel muscle structure and function in older mammals. In Perspectives in Exercise Science and Sports Medicine. Carmel: Cooper; pp.115-174.

Progressive Reform and Howe Essay -- essays research papers

Lourdes Vazquez Section 1I Question 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Changing America People face change in many ways. Some embrace it, some run from it, and some don’t even notice it. Change surrounds us every moment of every day; change is constant. Change is one of the words the words that can be used to describe America as it moved into the twentieth century; change was everywhere as the nineteenth century gave way to the roaring twentieth. This change however was radical as the people off this time witnessed a world which they had once known and cherished vanish before their eyes only to be replaced by big business, corrupt politics, and horrid working conditions. In response to all this many citizens decided that they too would make changes. These people were known as progressives and though they differed in what they felt needed to be done to address all the change that surrounded them, they were still a set of people who embraced the idea of not simply making changes, but making them for the better of all versus a select few. As with any story, that of the progressive era, has not one, nor two, nor even three sides but many. Despite the many views manifested by the progressives, the movement itself was one that greatly affected American life and is thus a vital and utile historical concept. The word progress suggests moving forward or making improvements, thus it can be said that the progressive movement was just that, an effort to move onward; onward to reform and away from the detrimental effects that industrialization had brought upon the nation. Political machines were running cities, big business was controlling everything, and the working conditions people had to endure to scratch out a living were atrocious. America was filled with ideas and concepts its people had never seen before. Small businesses were crushed by big ones as there existed no legislation to regulate them. The nation had always maintained a laissez-faire philosophy when dealing with the business and was having difficulty in doing otherwise. Likewise businesses were not cooperative as they did not see any reason for changing the hands-off policy America had been founded on. America had never seen industrialized labor before either. Everything had always been done on the farm, for a couple of peop le, not a couple hundred. The government in general had always had very hands off... ...tself. In all however, it was these many changes, as different and as spread out as they were, that define an era filled with change, changing lifestyle, changing family structure, a changing workplace, changing businesses, and changing cities. People had no choice but to confront these changes with changes of their own. Was there a typical type of person who confronted this change? No it takes all kinds and the progressive era was no exception. In fact, what made the progressive era so effective was the myriad of people who define it. The many ideas and concepts possessed by reformers of the country came together to meet political corruption, big business, and labor disputes head on.. All these issues were handled in different ways, with different philosophies, but they were handled nonetheless. How can the progressive era not be seen as a historical concept? A concept is not a strict or rigid idea, it is just that, a concept, a loose idea under which many similar ones may fall, for when it was all said and done, reforms were made, and more changes took place, until America’s people had somehow responded to all the changes that have helped shaped it into the nation it is today.

Counselors as Companions and Ethics in Human Services

The article from tragedy to triumph was very interesting to read. I believe that the counselor gained a lot of knowledge about himself and his counseling technique during the time that he had Steve as a client. I think the counselor was trying to come up with a solution to Steve’s problems and make his journey easier and less painful. I believe that the moral to the story is that sometimes people need to go through the tough times to discover new things about themselves and get to a comfortable place in life. By taking the longer, rougher road, Steve learned more about himself, his limitations and his strengths. This allowed for even bigger better possibilities in Steve’s life. The counselor can’t be responsible for Steve’s personal journey and guide him down the easier path. The counselor should only be along for the ride with Steve and allow Steve to experience the difficult moments. Steve had to come to the realization that he had to choose a different path and create different goals. I think that the counselor will now change the way he tries to â€Å"fix† a client’s problems, and instead allow him to experience and overcome some of the rougher more challenging things in their life. I believe that there are people that we come into contact with that teach us life lessons and change us and the way we think and do things. As we meet extraordinary people, we learn from them and in many instances strive to be like them, or maybe even not like them. Just like an infant, we are always seeing new things and meeting new people who influence us in many different ways. As a result of the relationship that Steve had with his counselor, he has learned that sometimes the goals we set for ourselves may be unattainable. However, just because a goal needs to be modified a little, it doesn’t make it any less spectacular and important. Steve has learned that life is unpredictable and as things change, the goals he sets might need to change too. The relationship was beneficial for both Steve and the counselor, because they both learned new things and grew as people and professionals. According to â€Å"National Organization of Human Services† (n. d. ), â€Å"Statement 36 Human service professionals foster self-awareness and personal growth in themselves. They recognize that when professionals are aware of their own values, attitudes, cultural background, and personal needs, the process of helping others is less likely to be negatively impacted by those factors. † Steve’s counselor started to realize that his own personal needs and thoughts were impacting the treatment process. This would be a reason to review the ethical standards and evaluate how to get back on track. It is important to follow ethical standards to protect the client’s rights, dignity, and also promote their welfare. A code of ethics also establishes a standard for all human service workers to follow. References Halstead, R.W. (2000). From Tragedy to Triumph; Counselor as Companion on the Hero’s Journey, Counseling & Values, 44(2), 100. National Organization of Human Services. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.nationalhumanservices.org/ethical-standards-for-hs-professionals#self

Creating and Sustaining a Healthy Communitive Climate Essays

Creating and Sustaining a Healthy Communitive Climate Essays Creating and Sustaining a Healthy Communitive Climate COMM 1101 Interpersonal Communications and Relationships Dr. James Tomasson A supportive climate is created when people feel they are valued. In a positive communication climate people interact confidently and courteously. Their relationships are built on openness, honesty and trust which comes from the goodwill they feel towards one another. People are willing to speak with others, to listen carefully, ask questions and offer feedback. Information and ideas are conveyed accurately. A defensive communication climate is created when the contribution of individuals is not appreciated. A negative climate makes it difficult for people to get and give information and to take action, because it is hard to communicate. People feel uncomfortable and unwilling to interact. Consequently, they are less willing to ask questions, or offer ideas and feedback, and are more inclined to wait and see what happens. The accuracy of the communication declines and interpersonal relationships are less effective in a negative communication climate. I had a supervisor who was always at me for every little thing, she was always so negative, rude and unprofessional and handling situations. I worked in a office as a receptionist where I was like 10 minutes late almost every day due to the person I was catching a ride with was always running late herself because she had kids to get ready for school. One day I come in, 10 minutes late of course and my supervisor is standing at my desk looking at the clock and looking at me, I go to punch in and as I am making my to my desk she calls me into her office, I knew already what is was about. She explained to me that being late is unprofessional that if I continued to be late that I would be fired. I had tried to explain to her that is was my ride that they were always running late and they were my only was of transportation. But before I could get one word out she put her hand out in front of her and said I dont want to hear it, whatever it is, is not my problem I am not here to listen to your complaints. I went to my desk feeling unheard and useless and decided to go to the boss about it. We talked about the situation and I had told him what she had done and said. He was very understanding about my situation but wanted to hold a meeting between me and my supervisor to discuss the issue. He then brought up how rude she was to me, that being rude like that makes the department look bad and that she could have heard me out and empathised for me a little and be more understanding. That I wasnt the only one to complain about how rude she was. She then looked at me and somewhat gave me an apology, said she was sorry but rolling her eyes then walked out of the bosss office. When she left he told me that if I notice anymore rudeness from her to let him know so he can deal with it so no one else has to go through what I went though. I left his office and went to my desk and noticed throughout the day my supervisor avoided me completely. A defence communication can be how someone is always late with work, school or anything important, the evolution is tardiness.

Stone Angel essays

Stone Angel essays Irony is the contrast between the way things seem and the way things are. There are three different types; verbal, situational and dramatic irony. Situational irony occurs throughout the novel. Hagar realizes her problems in her happiness on her deathbed and it is too late to do anything. She blames Bram for her faults, her favorite son abandons her and her neglected son ends up taking care of her. In Margaret Laurences novel, The Stone Angel, irony plays a major role in Hagar Shipleys happiness. Due to irony in the novel the main character, Hagar Shipley realizes the causes of her happiness too late. Hagar has lost her pride near the end of the book and this is shown in verbal irony. Pride was my wilderness, and the demon that led me there was fear. I was alone, never anything else, and never free, for I carried my chains within me, and they spread out from me and shackled all I touched(Laurence 292). Hagar finally decides not to hold in her emotions anymore and realizes she has los t her pride. She has to live her life with out her true happiness. Hagar also blames her husband Bram, for her unhappiness in her life. Situational irony occurs when Hagar Shipley blames Bram for her unhappiness. Hagar gets mad at Bram and Bram talks back to her. Ill talk any way I feel like. If you dont care for it, you can-(85). This situation happens near the beginning of the book when they are fighting over money while figuring out what to use it for. Hagar Shipley also believes she has suffered because her favorite son abandons her while her juvenile son ends up taking care of her. Dramatic irony occurs when Hagar feels unhappy when her favorite son abandoned her and her juvenile son then takes care of her. Near the end of the novel, Marvin is talking to Hagar and she tells him that he is a better son. Youve been cranky, Marvin. Youve been a good to me, always. A better son than John ...

Impact of Reservoirs in the UK on the Surrounding Community Dissertation

Impact of Reservoirs in the UK on the Surrounding Community - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper are reservoirs, man-made bodies of open water serving as public water supply sources, as winter storage for crop irrigation or as flood storage facilities in association with river corridors. FWR describes two types of reservoirs – upland reservoirs and lowland reservoirs. Upland reservoirs are built across river valleys and so they are described as upland reservoirs. Reservoirs such as those to which water is pumped from a nearby river source rather than filling naturally as with impounding reservoirs are known as lowland reservoirs. According to FWR much of the water supply infrastructure in the UK was developed at the end of the 19th century when impounding reservoirs were constructed in upland locations in order to provide water supply to conurbans which were often many miles away. Reservoirs were often located in areas where the catchment encountered little or no disturbance and so the quality of water supplied was in most cases fully ac ceptable without any need for either filtration or disinfection. However, as the standards relating to public hygiene evolved, many of these supplies were improved with the provision of chlorination systems. The regulation in relation to water quality ensures that all supplies are now provided with full treatment, including coagulation and filtration. FWR points out that in England and Wales two-thirds of drinking water comes from surface water, including reservoirs, lakes and rivers, and the rest from ground waters. There are also areas that receive water from mixed sources. Water is treated and tested along the way to ensure the highest quality. As it is with lakes reservoirs support rich and diverse flora and fauna and some rely on these habitats for their entire lifecycle. The classification is based on their nutrient status. Eutrophic standing waters are usually highly productive as they consist of lot plant nutrients. Legislation relating to Dam Safety Reservoir safety is crit ical to the British Dam Society which they indicate as the driving force behind many of the meetings, events and research work that they undertake (British Dam Society 2011). The Reservoir Act 1975 provides the legal framework to ensure the safety of dams with capacity of 25,000 cubic metres of water above natural ground level. Safety legislation in the UK was first introduced in 1930 after several reservoir disasters which resulted in loss of life. This was later superseded by the Reservoir Act 1975 (Environment Agency 2011). The Act indicates that reservoir owners have ultimate responsibility for the safety of reservoirs. They are also required to appoint a Panel Engineer – a specialist civil engineer who has qualifications and experience in reservoir safety to continuously supervise reservoirs and carry out periodic inspections. Supervision and inspection will be provided by qualified persons performing in the capacity of supervising and inspecting engineers respectively. Those reservoirs that are below the 25,000 cubic metres capacity are managed by the Health and Safety Executive and the Local Authorities under the Health and safety at Work, etc Act 1974 and the Building Act 1984 respectively. The Flood and Management Bill was given Royal Assent in April 2010, thus making it possible to bring aging reservoir safety legislation up to date by providing clarity on roles and responsibilities of those persons who manage flood and coastal risks in England and Wales (Environment Agen

E-Logistics Assignment2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

E-Logistics Assignment2 - Essay Example This role of SCM in organizational functioning continues to evolve, with the incorporation of advanced technologies and other innovations. These innovations optimize the SCM, thereby reaching the product and services to the clients aptly, thereby improving the efficiencies of the organizations. It will be applicable for all organization and that includes even the fictional ones like VF Brands global supply chain strategy. From the early times, VF brands has maximally used a mix of in-house manufacturing and as part of SCM, traditional arms-length sourcing arrangements. However, with certain problems arising in these sections, and importantly with many opportunities in the anvil, the company wants to try a third approach. Through this, Third approach, VF wants to build a closer cooperation and partnerships with its supplier base. Thus, the main purpose of this 'third way' approach is to create and actualize a relationship with its suppliers, which combines accomplishment of its goals, even while maintaining flexibility in sourcing. So, this paper will analyze this case of VF Design, focusing on the challenges of the ' Third-way Supply chain strategy, and then advising Chris Fraser on supply chain strategy. ... It largely deals with procurement and sales issues in an organization. Effective supply chain is a major requirement in all firms in order to remain relevant and competitive in the current market. Supply chain management can be defined as the process of finding raw materials for production of goods and services, manufacturing of the goods, transfer of the manufactured products to the customers including the middle-men and continued flow of communication among the parties involved. â€Å"Supply Chain Management is the designing and management of the process that will ensure that the Supply Chain will be effectively carried out across organizational boundaries so as to meet the requirements of the end customer.† (supplychainmanagement.in).This is applicable to VF Brands as well, as it has a current sustaining supply chain, but wants to develop a even more stronger and effective one. Supply chain management covers the flow of information, goods and finances between the organizati on and the supplier. All these flows are bidirectional that is, the flow can be from an organization to a supplier as well as a v to the organization. Figure 1.0 category of flows in supply chain management. A supply chain cannot be fully effective if there is no communication between the organization and the supplier. This communication can be in form of orders, feedback from customer, inquiry, announcement of new offers by the supplier, etc. Communication is a vital tool to maintain good business and client. A customer’s feedback can give a manufacturer new idea on improvement of a particular product, a customer can learn about a new product from the manufacturer via this critical mode. Business can not be complete without